An 18-year-old male presented to the emergency department of Khoo Teck Puat Hospital with knee pain and swelling while playing basketball. He was unable to bear weight. He had a surgical history of combined liver and kidney transplant 3 years ago. What do the radiographs of the left knee (Figs. 1A and 1B) and previous skeletal survey radiographs (Figs. 2A and 2B) show? What is the diagnosis? A....

A 20-month-old female Boxer dog presented significant increase on the bilateral volume of the maxillaries. The necropsy revealed that the kidneys were reduced in size, pale, with lobular aspect, and reduced cortical-medullar ratio. The maxillaries cutting surface revealed trabecular aspect of brownreddish color. In addition, the lesions observed by microscopy (asynchronic differentiation of nep...

Mineral bone disorder Renal osteodystrophy Hyperphosphat(a)emia Calcium PTH Vascular calcification Phosphate binder The search covered the period from January 2006 to November 2009. Articles not written in English were not assessed. Articles available in abstract forms; letters; case reports; editorials or review articles were also excluded. Articles were assessed for relevance to the guideline...

Survival rates of patients on dialysis have increased with improved dialytic therapy. However, the resultant increased duration of dialysis has led to a rise in renal osteodystrophy (ROD). Because this metabolic bone disease can produce fractures, bone pain, and deformities late in the course of the disease, prevention and early treatment are essential. Types of ROD include predominant hyperpar...