A model is presented in this work for simulating endogenously the evolution of the marginal costs of production of energy carriers from non-renewable resources, their consumption, depletion pathways and timescales. Such marginal costs can be used to simulate the long term average price formation of energy commodities. Drawing on previous work where a global database of energy resource economic ...

This paper develops a two-good, two-country model with national open access renewable resources. We derive an appropriate analog of ‘‘factor proportions’’ for the renewable resource case and link it to trade patterns and to the likelihood of diversified production. The resource importer gains from trade. However, a diversified resource exporting country necessarily suffers a decline in steady s...

It is our pleasure to introduce this Thematic Series on CO2 chemistry for the Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry (BJOC). Today’s growing demand for energy, materials and chemicals has prompted renewed interest in CO2 chemistry. More resource-efficient chemical processes are being implemented, while we are facing the change from a fossil fuel-based society to one that must rely on the sustai...

Renewable energy sources i.e., energy generated from solar, wind, biomass, hydro power, geothermal and ocean resources are considered as a technological option for generating clean energy. This paper presents the Solar-Wind hybrid Power system that harnesses the renewable energies in Sun and Wind to generate electricity. System control relies mainly on micro controller. It ensures the optimum u...

The Market Surveillance Committee (MSC) of the California Independent System Operator has been asked to provide an opinion on the three components of the Nov. 4, 2011 Draft Final Proposal for the Renewable Integration: Market and Product Review, Phase 1. The purpose of that proposal is to identify modifications to the market rules that could be quickly implemented in order to facilitate integra...

Emission reduction targets as well as the scarcity of fossil resources make a transition of the energy system towards a carbon free electricity supply necessary. Promising energy resources are solar and wind energy. The challenging characteristics of the high temporal and geographic variability of these resources make a systematic analysis of the integration necessary. Subject of this study is ...

Among the many challenges of integrating renewable energy sources into the existing power grid, is the challenge of integrating renewable energy generators into the power systems economy. Electricity markets currently are run in a way that participating generators must supply contracted amounts. And yet, renewable energy generators such as wind power generators cannot supply contracted amounts ...

Among all the renewable resources, wind and solar are the most popular resources due to its ease of availability and its ease conversion into electricity. Each renewable resource uses DC/DC boost converter separately with MPPT control to generate power. To increase the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) system and wind energy system, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology is employed. ...

There is a substantial increase in energy demand in Turkey because of its growth of industrial development. Turkey’s present energy resources are insufficient and the need for energy is growing rapidly. Turkey does not possess enough conventional fossil fuel reserves, but possesses rich renewable energy resources such as hydraulic, solar, geothermal and wind. Among all, wind energy seems to be ...

Introduction Climate change and environmental concerns are tremendously influencing and shaping the future of the power industry. As a positive consequence, there has been a remarkable, rapid increase in the past several years in the megawatts produced by renewable energy resources across the globe, and this trend will continue for the next decades. These renewable energy resources, including w...