hereditary ataxias are heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders classified mainly into more than 40 autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias and 50 recessive ataxias. large amount of nearly uncommon subtypes with extensive phenotypic overlap and relatively high rate of abnormal repetitive sequence expansions, such as trinucleotide repeat expansions make diagnostic genetic testing complic...

TCP is the most widely used transport layer protocol. However, it was designed for wired networks and suffers performance degradation in error-prone wireless networks. When multiple error losses occur in the same window, existing NewReno-based TCP variants need one RTT to retransmit each lost packet, an inefficient recover strategy. Exponential retransmit backoff and frequent window reduction a...

Ankyrin repeat, one of the most widely existing protein motifs in nature, consists of 30-34 amino acid residues and exclusively functions to mediate protein-protein interactions, some of which are directly involved in the development of human cancer and other diseases. Each ankyrin repeat exhibits a helix-turn-helix conformation, and strings of such tandem repeats are packed in a nearly linear ...

I read with interest the article on repeat abortion1 by Stone and Ingham in the October 2011 issue of the Journal that explores the characteristics of women who underwent repeat termination of pregnancy (TOP) in England and Wales in 2010–2011. The article’s fi ndings closely match those of a study2 I performed 30 years ago in Bristol, which had the identical objective. Our study was of a simila...

Unbiased lotteries seem the least unfair and simplest procedures to allocate scarce indivisible resources to those with equal claims. But, when lotteries are repeated, it is not immediately obvious whether prior winners should be included or excluded. As in design questions surrounding single-shot lotteries, considerations of self-interest and distributive social preferences may interact. We in...

3 Type 1: The CAG/Polyglutamine Repeat Diseases 9 3.1 Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy 9 3.2 Huntington’s Disease 12 3.3 Dentatorubral Pallidoluysian Atrophy 15 3.4 Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 16 3.5 Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 18 3.6 Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3/Machado–Joseph Disease 19 3.7 Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 6 21 3.8 Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7 22 3.9 Spinocerebellar Ataxia...

The Home Office Police Research Group (PRG) was formed in 1992 to increase the influence of research and development in police policy and practice. The objectives are to sponsor and undertake research and development to improve and strengthen the police service and to identify and disseminate good policing practice. The Crime Detection and Prevention Series follows on from the Crime Prevention ...