: It is known that in its historical record, Turkey was the first "Islamic" country to boldly adopt secularism, however, Islamism of course cannot be separated from life Turkish society. Not only because history great empire Islam past: Ottoman dynasty, but Islamic religious values have taken root people. The recent rise Islamists must seen as implications, climate Turkey's political tradition ...

Chairman: J. R. Durig (USA; 1983-89); C. J. H. Schutte (RSA; 1989-93); J. E. Bertie (Canada; 1993-97); Secretary: H. A. Willis (UK, 1983-87); J. G. Grasselli (USA; 1987-89); J. F. Sullivan (USA; 1989-95); Titular Members: A. M. Bradshaw (FRG; 1983-91); R. D. Brown (Australia; 1987-93); B. G. Derendjaev (Russia; 1983-91); R. K. Harris (UK; 1989-93); A. M. Heyns (RSA; 1993-97); E. Hirota (Japan; ...

Background: Pethidine is used for pain relief in the first stage of labour in many countries, and it is accepted as standard obstetric management in Turkey. This study is conducted to determine the effect of analgesics that are administered to mothers intramuscularly at the first stage of the labor on health state of the infants. Methods: This cross-sectional controlled study was conducted betw...

Publication audit is considered a useful tool to evaluate the progress and plan for the future and we have been doing this exercise for the last couple of years.1-3 A careful look at the statistics for the Year 2014 reveals that there has been an increase in the number of submissions, a trend seen for the last few years consecutively. During the Year 2014, 1577 manuscripts were received from di...

SETTING Pharmacies in 19 cities in Angola, Brazil, China, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, India (n = 3), Kenya, Nigeria, Russia, Rwanda, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania and Zambia. OBJECTIVE To assess the quality of the two main first-line anti-tuberculosis medicines, isoniazid and rifampicin, procured from private-sector pharmacies, to determine i...

In Turkey, the Republican Era, which started in 1923, is a period state institutions were rapidly restructured and these reconstituted within framework of ideology newly established state. Education has taken its share this reconstruction process as well. One important regulations field education was 1924 curriculum. The curriculum quite terms reflecting Republic’s perspective on importance it ...

Pneumococcal infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The burden of disease associated with S. pneumoniae is largely preventable through routine vaccination. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (e.g. PCV7, PCV13) provide protection from invasive pneumococcal disease as well as non-invasive infection (pneumonia, acute otitis media), and decrease vaccine-type nasopharyngeal co...

Acute sarcocystosis was diagnosed in an adult female wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) that was collected from Early County (Georgia, USA) in February of 1998. Marked inflammatory lesions were seen in the heart, lung, and liver and were associated with protozoal schizonts and merozoites. The organisms were identified as Sarcocystis sp. (Acomplexa: Sarcocystidae) based on structure and antigenic...

BACKGROUND/AIMS ARO, an observational study of hemodialysis (HD) patients in Europe, aims to enhance our understanding of patient characteristics and practice patterns to improve patient outcome. METHODS HD patients (n = 8,963) from 134 Fresenius Medical Care facilities treated between 2005 and 2006 were randomly selected from 9 European countries (Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Italy, Pola...

The left-wing Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) began its violent insurgency campaign against the Turkish state in 1984, claiming that an independent Kurdistan should exist. However, the origins of this conflict can be traced back even further – to the inception of the Turkish Republic in 1923. This thesis begins by investigating the history of how the conflict between the Kurdish and Turkish poli...