Aging is accompanied by a progressive decline in the integrity of the immune system, a process known as immunosenescence. Pathological features typical of immune dysfunction in older adults, encompassing dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, characterize rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease whose incidence increases with age. Recent evidence suggests that certain fe...

Introduction, and Discussion, and the answers The author certifies that he has no commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. (Adapted with permission of Lippincott Williams and Wilkins from Brand RA. Writing for Clinical Orthopaedics and Related...

The hypothesis of this article is that late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is influenced by the availability in brain of retinoic acid (RA), the final product of the vitamin A (retinoid) metabolic cascade. Genetic, metabolic, and environmental/dietary evidence is cited supporting this hypothesis. Significant genetic linkages to AD are demonstrated for markers close to four of the six RA recepto...

An abstract is the main part of a Research Article (RA) that gives major outlook whole article and it makes reader decide to read or leave particular article. It less studied in terms research, especially context Pakistan. Therefore, this study aimed compare abstracts research articles written by native (American) non-native (Pakistani) authors. The focus current investigate frequency percentag...

Studies of the descriptive epidemiology of RA indicate a population prevalence of 0.5% to 1% and a highly variable annual incidence (12-1200 per 100,000 population) depending on gender, race/ethnicity, and calendar year. Secular trends in RA incidence over time have been shown in several studies, supporting the hypothesis of a host-environment interaction. People with RA have a significantly in...

abstractbackground: 226 ra and 228 ra contents in foodstuffs of ramsar which is a coastal city in the northern part of iran were determined by gamma spectrometry. measurement results together with food consumption rates were used to estimate annual effective dose from  226 ra and 228 ra, due to consumption of food stuffs by inhabitants of ramsar city.materials and methods: a total of 33 samples...

The development of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor therapy has revolutionized the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Unfortunately, no one single agent is fully effective in every patient; different patients respond to different therapies in different ways, even to those agents with the same mechanism of action. In this regard, newer TNF inhibitor agents, such as golimumab and certol...

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a multisystem disorder, which causes significant morbidity. An early diagnosis of RA is essential to prevent the development of irreversible bone and joint changes. The disease has characteristic clinical features, but an early evaluation of the quantum of disease may be difficult with plain radiography alone. Recent developments in the imaging of RA have contribute...

This article proposes to study the first 12 years of the Minas Gerais Radium Institute, founded in 1922. Its work in the fight against cancer in Brazil, albeit still little known, is coming to light as its institutional documents are studied. A database has been prepared using information from its patient register, based on which statistical analyses have been done to identify the types of canc...