The mouse is the leading organism for disease research. A rich resource of genetic variation occurs naturally in inbred and special strains owing to spontaneous mutations. However, one can also obtain desired gene mutations by using the following processes: targeted mutations that eliminate function in the whole organism or in a specific tissue; forward genetic screens using chemicals or transp...

How does genetic innovation translate into ecological innovation? Although evo-devo has successfully linked genes to morphology, the next stage is elucidating how genes predict resource use. This can be attained by broadening the focus of evo-devo from [genes→morphology], to [genes→morphology→functional ecology]. We suggest that the fields of evo-devo, functional morphology, and evolutionary ec...

Optimally partitioning application and filesystem functionality within a cluster of clients and servers is a difficult problem due to dynamic variations in application behavior, resource availability, and workload mixes. This paper presents ABACUS, a run-time system that monitors and dynamically changes function placement for applications that manipulate large data sets. Several examples of dat...

Ecological opportunity is any change that allows populations to escape selection from competition and predation. After encountering ecological opportunity, populations may experience ecological release: enlarged population size, broadened resource use, and/or increased morphological variation. We identified ecological opportunity and tested for ecological release in three lizard colonists of Wh...

Antiretroviral (ARV)-based pre-exposure HIV interventions may soon be rolled out in resource-constrained Sub-Saharan African countries, but rollout plans have yet to be designed. Here we use geospatial modelling and optimization techniques to compare two rollout plans for ARV-based microbicides in South Africa: a utilitarian plan that minimizes incidence by using geographic targeting, and an eg...

in this paper for calculating policy analysis matrix parameters, with regard to real or shadow prices, we pay attention to variation of endogenous variables, using results of cge  model. the results of the study indicated that,in output market, because of government policies, there are implicit tax on products of iran;s auto industry. but inputs of auto industry, benefits from government subsid...

Climate-induced phenological shifts can influence population, evolutionary, and ecological dynamics, but our understanding of these phenomena is hampered by a lack of long-term demographic data. We use a multi-decade census of 5 salmonid species representing 14 life histories in a warming Alaskan stream to address the following key questions about climate change and phenology: How consistent ar...

little information is available regarding genetic variation in wild wheat relatives from iran. in this study, genetic diversity of 36 populations of wild einkorn wheat, triticum boeoticum, was studied using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) primer combinations. seventeen aflp primer combinations led to amplify 979 scorable fragments ranging from 50 to 500 bp and of these, 429 (44%) ...

information on water quality and pollution sources is important for the implementation of sustainable water resource management strategies. in this research, to evaluate spatial variation and the interpretation of large complex water quality data taken at seven different sites along the gorganrood river were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. the factor analysis generated two signi...

Forest ecosystem processes depend on local interactions that are modified by the spatial pattern of trees and resources. Effects of resource supplies on processes such as regeneration are increasingly well understood, yet we have few tools to compare resource heterogeneity among forests that differ in structural complexity. We used a neighborhood approach to examine understory light and nutrien...