The host-to-host transmission of respiratory infectious diseases is fundamentally enabled by the interaction pathogens with a variety fluids (gas or liquid) that shape pathogen encapsulation and emission, transport persistence in environment, new host invasion infection. Deciphering mechanisms fluid properties govern promote these steps will enable better risk assessment infection control strat...

nonencapsulated, nontypeable hemophilus influenzae (nthi) remains an important cause of acute otitis and respiratory diseases in children and adults. nthi bacteria are one of the major causes of respiratory tract infections, including acute otitis media, cystic fibrosis, and community-acquired pneumonia among children, especially in developing countries. the bacteria can also cause chronic dise...

Tiemei Zhao, Youning Liu, Bin Cao, Hui Wang, Liangan Chen, Danyang She, Zhixin Liang, Tieying Sun, Yanming Li, Zhaohui Tong, Zhen Wang, Bei He, Wei Yang, Jieming Qu, Xiangyang Li, Rongchang Chen, Feng Ye, Jian Kang, Erran Li, Ping Chen, Yan Zheng, Zhongsen Ma, Jin Ren, Yi Shi, Wenkui Sun, Yulin Feng, Hong Fan, Shujuan Jiang, Song Zhang, Shengdao Xiong, Peng Zuo, Zhanwei Wang Department of Respi...

As regards the significant role of stethoscopes in the diagnosis of congenital and adventitious heart diseases and prevention of irreparable complications of these diseases, the quality of hearing sound of these stethoscopes by a physician has a significant impact on the disease diagnosis. This device plays an important role in the early diagnosis of congenital heart and respiratory diseases an...

background: because of the ability of proliferation, regeneration, conversion to differentiated cells and tissue producing, stem cell therapy has important clinical implications for treatment of different diseases. in this chapter we discuss different kinds of stem cells that have been used in treatment of neurologic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, heart diseases, bone disease, kidney dise...