Severe acute chest syndrome afflicts patients with sickle cell disease and can cause hypoxemia refractory to conventional treatments. Obstructive mucus plugging and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome may underlie the pathophysiology of refractory hypoxemia in acute chest syndrome. Although high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is well established in the treatment of ...

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Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is seen primarily in the preterm neonate and is due mostly to pulmonary surfactant deficiency. Lung atelectasis leads to ventilationperfusion mismatching, hypoxia, and eventual respiratory failure in the untreated infant who has RDS. RDS is diagnosed by physical findings consistent with respiratory distress and characteristic radiographic findings. Treatment ...

ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (ARDS) is a clinical condition characterized by impaired gas exchange as a result of the accumulation of edema in the alveolar space. The clinical management of ARDS patients includes mechanical ventilation with high oxygen concentrations. Mechanical ventilation alleviates the work of breathing and hypoxemia while allowing time for the lungs to recover from t...

VALID AND RELIABLE DEFINItions are essential to conduct epidemiological studies successful ly and to facilitate enrollment of a consistent patient phenotype into clinical trials. Clinicians also need such definitions to implement the results of clinical trials, discuss prognosis with families, and plan resource allocation. Following the initial description of acute respiratory distress syndrome...

ACCP Critical Care Board Review 2003 T acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the related acute lung injury (ALI) syndromes are forms of Type I or acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). This form of lung dysfunction rises from diseases causing collapse and/or filling of alveoli with the result that a substantial fraction of mixed venous blood traverses nonventilated airspaces, effe...

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious and complex clinical problem that often threatens the lives of patients. Emerging clinical data suggest that the survival of patients with this disorder may have improved during the last two decades, presumably because of advances in supportive medical care. Among the supportive therapies used to treat patients with ARDS, none is more ...