As the electrical industry restructures many of the traditional algorithms for controlling generating units, they need either modification or replacement. In the past, utilities had to produce power to satisfy their customers with the objective to minimize costs and actual demand/reserve were met. But it is not necessary in a restructured system. The main objective of restructured system is to ...

in trading electrical energy in deregulated power systems, violation of operation constraints such as transmission lines flow limits is possible. these conditions have been called “congestion”. one of the most important responsibility of independent system operator (iso) is congestion management in a manner that all the system equipments be operated in their nominal ranges. in this paper, usi...

The relationship between the MMPI-2 restructured clinical scales and the original clinical scales was evaluated using an outpatient clinical sample (N = 150). Similar patterns of correlations to those reported by Tellegen et al. in 2003, such as high correlations between the restructured scales and their original scale counterparts and lower intercorrelations among the restructured scales than ...

Abstract In a restructured electricity market, large consumer could supply its consumption through own available resources or purchasing from the markets. Moreover, it participate in demand response programs (DRPs) and also some portion of bilateral contracts. this regard, consumer's objective is to minimize operation cost while facing several uncertainties that affect optimal decisions. The de...