Introduction: Orofacial clefts are among the most common congenital anomalies. Patients presenting with orofacial clefts often require surgery or other complex procedures. A cleft lip or palate can be a single anomaly or a part of multiple congenital anomalies. The reported prevalence of cleft disease and associated anomalies varies widely across the literature, and is dependent on the diagnost...

Reticular facilitation of evoked responses in the lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex elicited by ipsilateral optic tract stimulation was studied in cats prepared under &ethyl ether-oxygen anesthesia, subsequently locally anesthetized, paralyzed with decamethonium, and placed on artificial respiration. In animals with an intact visual system, single electrical shocks to the reticular f...

photooxidation as an important process, which significantly affects the service life of the polypropylene products, has been the subject of much theoretical and experimental study. pigments used often change the light stabilities of polypropylene. out-door applications of pigmented polypr-opylene are now increasingly developed in products such as artificial grass. the aim of this work is to exa...

A dense axonal plexus, arising in a portion of the magnocellular basal nucleus, was identified in the thalamic reticular nucleus in adult rats. The details of these axonal arbors as well as their relation to the neurons of the reticular nucleus were investigated by using Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin injections into the basal nucleus and intracellular injections of Lucifer yellow into reti...

Within secondary lymphoid tissues, stromal reticular cells support lymphocyte function, and targeting reticular cells is a potential strategy for controlling pathogenic lymphocytes in disease. However, the mechanisms that regulate reticular cell function are not well understood. Here we found that during an immune response in lymph nodes, dendritic cells (DCs) maintain reticular cell survival i...

We describe the macroscopic anatomy of the intestine of the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). The small intestine was divided into duodenum, jejunum and ileum as usual. The caecum was attached to the ileum by a long ileocaecal fold, and to the proximal ansa of the ascending colon by a caecocolic fold. The ascending colon was the most developed portion of the gross intestine and had the most com...

Branch points and flexures in the high pressure arterial system have long been recognized as sites of unusually high turbulence and consequent stress in humans are foci for atherosclerotic lesions. We show that mice that are homozygous for a null mutation in the gene encoding an endogenous antiinflammatory cytokine, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), develop lethal arterial inflammatio...

objective: oral lichen planus (olp) is a chronic inflammatory disease. immunological factor may act as etiological factor. the cellular immune cells such as t cells are important in pathogenesis. interferon gamma (ifn-γ) and interleukin 4 (il-4) are secreted by t-helper 1 (th1) and th2, respectively. the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between salivary levels of ifn-γ and i...