Abstract Building surface reflectivity determines the amount of reflected solar radiation, which indirectly affects cooling and heating load a building. Therefore, optimizing building retro-reflectivity is an effective method to reduce energy CO2 emissions buildings. To analyse optimization potential retro-reflectivity, effect on daily, monthly yearly load, as well educational were simulated ba...

In this paper, we show how the combined use of low coherence interferometry, balanced detection and data processing comparable to that used in Fourier transform spectrometry allows us characterize with ultimate resolutions (sub-ppm level, 0.2 nm wavelength 5 mdeg angle) retro-reflection retro-scattering response both sides a 2 mm thick silica wafer.

Recent work on a computationally-designed retroaldolase RA-61 suggested that most of the rate-acceleration brought about by this enzyme was due to non-specific interactions with the aromatic substrate. To provide a benchmark for the role of non-specific interactions in this system, we measured the second-order rate constant for the amine-catalysed retro-aldol reaction of methodol in the presenc...

Rectal bleeding following any form of rectal surgery is a well recognised complication 1, 2, 3 & 4. However retro-rectal bleeding and tracking which then presents as rectal bleeding has not been reported in the literature. We describe a novel way of dealing with this technically difficult post-operative complication.We present two cases of significant rectal bleeding (one following STARR proced...

Artificial muscle activation by electrical stimulation of motor nerves is characterized by poor force gradation and a relative fast onset of muscle fatigue. Force gradation would improve and the onset of fatigue would be delayed by primarily activating the small-diameter motoneurons. In this study the effects of selective small fiber activation stimulation was investigated in an acute rabbit mo...

The effective linear and third-order nonlinear susceptibility of graded metallic films with weak nonlinearity have been investigated. Due to the simple geometry, we were able to derive exactly the local field inside the graded structures having a Drude dielectric gradation profile. We calculated the effective linear dielectric constant and third-order nonlinear susceptibility. We investigated t...

In this paper, transient thermomechanical stress intensity factors for functionally graded cylinders with complete internal circumferential cracks are obtained using the weight function method. The finite difference method is used to calculate the time dependent temperature distribution and thermal stresses along the cylinder thickness. Furthermore, finite element analysis is performed to deter...

Text classification and text gradation are important for language teachers. Profiling readability studies examine textual linguistic features that determine difficulty. Arabic, as an under-resourced language, suffers from a lack of such which results in material developers textbook writers relying on their intuitions experiences selecting appropriate texts. At the classroom level, teachers ofte...

Eating rate and bite size are important factors affecting food intake, and we hypothesise the underlying role of oral sensory exposure in this. However, the latter currently lacks objective measuring parameters, but an interesting measure could be the extent of in vivo retro-nasal aroma release. Second, the literature is ambiguous about overweight subjects differing from normal-weight subjects ...

Modulating retro-reflectors (MRR) couple passive optical retro-reflectors with electro-optic modulators to allow free-space optical communication with a laser and pointing/acquisition/tracking system required on only one end of the link. In operation a conventional free space optical communications terminal, the interrogator, is used on one end of the link to illuminate the MRR on the other end...