BACKGROUND There are significant differences in the meaning and use of the term 'Reverse Innovation' between industry circles, where the term originated, and health policy circles where the term has gained traction. It is often conflated with other popularized terms such as Frugal Innovation, Co-development and Trickle-up Innovation. Compared to its use in the industrial sector, this conceptual...

With development of technology and science and continuous increase in productivity, product life cycles are shortened and customer demands are more personalized and diversified, which makes companies face with ever changing and unpredictable competitive environment. Therefore, rapid response to market competition has become one of the main focuses and the competitive advantages. Today, one of t...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of corn silage (CS) or sugarcane (SC) additions to finishing diets on voluntary intake, apparent digestibility, animal performance, and LM fatty acid (FA) composition in crossbred Holstein × Zebu bulls. Forty-two bulls (initial BW 328 ± 39.2 kg and an initial age of 23.5 mo) were used in this experiment. A completely randomized design wa...

akin type (asymmetric) reverse osmosis membranes undergo an irreversible osmotic dehydration upon coming into contact (skin side) with salt solutions. the extent of consequent changes (in appearance; decrease in linear dimension, water flux and salt rejection) are dependent on the salt concentration. these observations are correlated with the expected morphological changes taking place during d...

nowadays cmm machines are widely used in surface measurement and inspection. as inspection results from cmm machine are obtained by the means of measuring surfaces with direct contact, they are more precise than non-contact method (like optical measurement). however, cmm machines give more reliable and accurate results rather than non-contact methods but also these results come with error when ...

Polymer membranes used in separation applications exhibit a tradeoff between permeability and selectivity. That is, that are highly permeable tend to have low selectivity vice versa. For ion-exchange such as electrodialysis reverse electrodialysis, this is expressed terms of membrane permselectivity (i.e., ability selectively permeate counter-ions over co-ions) ionic conductivity transport ions...

Zirconia was used to support Ru, Ni, and Ru-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles for CO2 methanation. The formation of an alloy detected in Ru K-edge spectra. Ru/ZrO2 exhibited the highest reaction rate (1.35 mol/molmetal.s) with a CH4 selectivity 97.3%. diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy experiments suggest that formates serve as intermediates converting CO via reverse water–ga...

Nanocrystals of gadolinium orthoferrite (GdFeO3) with morphology close to isometric and superparamagnetic behavior were successfully synthesized using direct, reverse microreactor co-precipitation iron(III) hydroxides their subsequent heat treatment in the air. The obtained samples investigated by PXRD, FTIR, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements, HRTEM, SAED, DRS vibratio...

We investigate basic algorithmic and structural properties of a formal model of layered telecommunication networks. The network model includes ports, which are access points to data streams; links, which transmit data streams; and adapters, which convert data streams from one layer, i.e. encoding, to another. Two ports communicate if there is a path from one to the other in which every adaptati...

The ITU standard for MSCs provides a useful framework for visualizing communication protocols. HMSCs can describe a collection of MSC scenarios in early stages of system design. They extend nite state systems by partial order semantics and asynchronous, unbounded message exchange. Usually we ask whether an HMSC can be implemented, for instance by a nite state protocol. This question has been sh...