The question arising in the legal literature about nature of culpa contrahendo has no unambiguous interpre-tation. Such different approaches to its definition as contractual, quasi-contractual or tort liability are due degree development concept systems European states. Civil Code Republic Belarus prescribes certain provisions on pre–contractual context law obligations, and consequences associa...

the principal of conformity with the law (sehat) is recognized in iranian legal system. in this article, at first we analyze this principle in respect with the iranian jurisprudence in order to demonstrate the legal evaluation. subsequently, we analyses the realistical approach of the jurist in lex mercatori in such regards with due respect to the doctrine and arbitration awards in internationa...

Abstract Legal systems across the world contain obligation to prevent ‘absurd interpretations’ of law. In international law, an instruction avoid ‘manifestly absurd’ interpretations can be found in Article 32 Vienna Convention on Law Treaties. This gives rise at least two questions that I will take up this article. First, what is meant by ‘absurd’ avoided legal interpretation. The short answer ...

We propose a universal method for the evaluation of generalized standard materials that greatly simplifies material law implementation process. By means automatic differentiation and numerical integration scheme, AutoMat reduces effort to two potential functions. moving GPU, we close performance gap conventional routines demonstrate in detail expression level reverse mode as well its extension ...

Archimedean classes and convex subgroups play important roles in the study of ordered groups. In this paper, we show that ACA0 is equivalent to the existence of a set of representatives for the Archimedean classes of an ordered abelian group. Hahn’s Theorem is the strongest known tool for classifying orders on abelian groups. It states that every ordered abelian group can be embedded into produ...

Erosion and deposition rates estimated from the stratigraphic record frequently exhibit a power-law dependence on measurement interval. This dependence can result from a power-law distribution of stratigraphic hiatuses. By representing the stratigraphic filter as a stochastic process called a reverse ascending ladder, we describe a likely origin of power-law hiatuses, and thus, rate scaling. Wh...