We discuss cellular automata over arbitrary finitely generated groups. We call a cellular automaton post-surjective if for any pair of asymptotic configurations, every preimage of one is asymptotic to a preimage of the other. The well known dual concept is pre-injectivity: a cellular automaton is pre-injective if distinct asymptotic configurations have distinct images. We prove that pre-injecti...

This article is an attempt to generalize the classical theory of reversible computing, principally developed by Bennet [IBM J. Res. Develop., 17(1973)] and by Fredkin and Toffoli [Internat. J. Theoret. Phys., 21(1982)], to the quantum case. This is a fundamental step towards the construction of a quantum computer because a time efficient quantum computation is a reversible physical process. The...

The phenomenon of disagreement has recently been brought into focus by the debate between contextualists and relativist invariantists about epistemic expressions such as ‘might’, ‘probably ’, indicative conditionals, and the deontic ‘ought’. Against the orthodox contextualist view, it has been argued that an invariantist account can better explain apparent disagreements across contexts by appea...

Reversible single-target gates are a generalization of Toffoli gates which are a helpful formal representation for the description of synthesis algorithms but are too general for an actual implementation based on some technology. There is an exponential lower bound on the number of Toffoli gates required to implement any reversible function, however, there is also a linear upper bound on the nu...

A 1D Reversible Cellular Automata (RCA) with forward and backward radius2 neighborhoods is called Rectangular. It was previously conjectured that the conservation laws in 1D Rectangular RCA can be described as linear combinations of independent constant-speed flows to the right or to the left. This is indeed the case; so is a similar statement about a more general class of Rectangular RCA in an...

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) characteristically presents with rapid onset of headache, seizure, encephalopathy, and visual changes, along with evidence of parieto-occipital vasogenic edema on magnetic resonance imaging. We describe the case of a 41-year-old female with a protracted presentation of two of the four classic PRES symptoms, which were not immediately recognize...

The commonly used thermodynamic variables are generalized so as to take account of irreversible processes across a thin boundary separating a system from its surroundings. This permits one to relate heat transfer and work performance in irreversible processes to those carried out reversibly. The commonly used functions of state have been generalized to include the contribution of irreversible c...

Recent work has begun to investigate the advantages of using reversible logic for the design of circuits. The majority of work, however, has limited itself to combinational logic. Researchers are just now beginning to suggest possibilities for sequential implementations. This paper performs a closer analysis of three latch designs proposed in previous work and suggests advantages and disadvanta...

ÐModi®ed guanosine monophosphates have been employed to introduce various functional groups onto RNA 50-ends. Applications of modi®ed RNA 50-ends include the generation of functionalized RNA libraries for in vitro selection of catalytic RNAs, the attachment of photoanity-tags for mapping RNA±protein interactions or active sites in catalytic RNAs, or the nonradioactive labeling of RNA molecules...

Overcoming the IC power challenge requires signal energy recovery, which can be achieved utilizing adiabatic charging principles and logically reversible computing in the circuit design. This paper demonstrates the energyefficiency of a Bennett-clocked adiabatic CMOS multiplier via a simulation model. The design is analyzed on the logic gate level to determine an estimate for the number of irre...