Hazardous health effects stemming from exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RF-EMW) emitted from cell phones have been reported in the literature. However, the cellular target of RF-EMW is still controversial. This review identifies the plasma membrane as a target of RF-EMW. In addition, the effects of RF-EMW on plasma membrane structures (i.e. NADH oxidase, phosphatidylserine, orn...

Recent data suggest that there might be a subtle thermal explanation for the apparent induction by radiofrequency (RF) radiation of transgene expression from a small heat-shock protein (hsp16-1) promoter in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. The RF fields used in the C. elegans study were much weaker (SAR 5-40 mW kg(-1)) than those routinely tested in many other published studies (SAR approx...

Nanoscale ridge apertures provide a highly confined radiation spot with a high transmission efficiency when used in the near field approach. The radiation confinement and enhancement is due to the electric–magnetic field concentrated in the gap between the ridges. This paper reports the experimental demonstration of radiation enhancement using such antenna apertures and lithography of nanometer...

The field of Terahertz (THz) radiation, electromagnetic energy, between 0.3 to 3 THz, has seen intense interest recently, because it combines some of the best properties of IR along with those of RF. For example, THz radiation can penetrate fabrics with less attenuation than IR, while its short wavelength maintains comparable imaging capabilities. We discuss major challenges in the field: desig...

RF undulators, suggested long time ago, has the advantage of fast dynamic control of polarization, undulator strength and wavelength. However, RF undulators require very strong RF fields in order to produce radiation of the same order as conventional static devices. Very high power RF energy confined inside a waveguide or a cavity can provide the necessary RF fields to undulate the electron bea...

Most radiation therapy machines are based on microwave linear accelerators. The majority of medical accelerators use frequencies in the S-band range. Having a compact accelerator allows for a wide range of treatments. The size and weight of the accelerator is substantially reduced if a higher frequency is used. X-band frequencies are suitable for such applications. The X-band accelerator techno...

Health and safety concerns have grown in recent years due to the increasing frequency bands demand for wireless communication apparatus. Electromagnetic (EM) radiation breakthrough from Radio (RF) into human head is an issue that needs be addressed. Radiation RF sources can cause serious biological hazards inside body. This study measures average Specific Absorption Rate a 7-year-old child's ti...

The IARC Working Group classified "Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields" (RFEMF) as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). The information that formed the main basis for this evaluation was found in epidemiological studies on cell-phone use, where a slightly increased risk for glioma (a malignant form of brain cancer) and acoustic neuroma (a non-cancerous type) was reported among heavy us...

A small size dual-band antenna for integration with 5-6 GHz RF/Wireless communication systems is presented. The size and structure of the antenna are designed for integration with a RF printed circuit board of a given size (thickness=1.36mm=0.045λ), metallization structure (4-level of metalization) and material properties (FR4, εr=3.78, loss tangent=0.01). It is capacitively fed by a coplanar w...