The differences and relations of various negations have attracted interest in logical investigation, and most of the studies have utilized a model-theoretic approach (cf. Dunn 1999, Shramko 2005, Ripley 2009). This study will propose a general framework to treat various negations from the perspective of proof-theoretic semantics (PTS) based on natural deduction. It is well known that when we de...

Abraham-Samuel, K. & Alexander, K.M. (1988): Myoglobin levels in the ventricular myocardia of certain birds. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy Part B Biological Sciences 54 (4): 257-259. Abraham-Samuel, K. & Alexander, K.M. (1991): Distribution pattern of certain metabolites in the ventricular myocardia of the house crow, Corvus splendens. Journal of Animal Morphology and Physi...

Version 2.10.0 of R includes new code for processing ‘.Rd’ help files. There are some changes to what is allowed, and some new capabilities and opportunities. One of the reasons for the success of R is that package authors are required to write documentation in a structured format for all of the functions and datasets that they make visible in their packages. This means users can count on askin...

In the sections below we review basic motivations for spatial statistical analysis, review three general categories of data structure and associated inferential questions, and describe Bayesian methods for achieving inference. Our goal is to highlight similarities across spatial analytic methods, particularly with regards to how hierarchical probability structures often link approaches develope...

We present a visual tablet for exploring the nature of a bagged decision tree (Breiman [1996]). Aggregating classifiers over bootstrap datasets (bagging) can result in greatly improved prediction accuracy. Bagging is motivated as a variance reduction technique, but it is considered a black box with respect to interpretation. Current research seekine: to explain why bagging works has focused ond...

Sir, Sleepiness and disrupted sleep substantially impair quality of life in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) (Arnulf et al., 2000). The hypocretin/orexin neuropeptides stabilize wakefulness and sleep, and in two recent studies, Fronczek et al. (2007) and Thannickal et al. (2007) showed that patients with late-stage PD have a 38–45% loss of the hypothalamic hypocretin-producing neurons. Thes...

Deletion formation between the 5’-mostly homologous sequences and between the 3’-homeologous sequences of the two Salmonella typhimurium flagellin genes was examined using plasmid-based deletiondetection systems in various Escherichia coli genetic backgrounds. Deletions in plasmid pLC103 occur between the 5‘ sequences, but not between the 3’ sequences, in both Red-independent and RecAdependent ...

As a key discursive nodal point of abnormal personhood, the homosexual has been featured in anextensive stream of Hollywood movies from the early 1940s onwards. More specifically, since theend of the 1960s, a series of mainstream U.S. films have come out about queer fraudsters.Impostors assume an inauthentic identity or character, pretending to be someone else than they“really” ...

—We explored distributions of Asian nuthatch species in ecological and geographic space using ecological niche modeling based on occurrence data associated with specimens and observations. Nuthatches represent a well-defined clade occurring throughout the Northern Hemisphere, but are most diverse in southern Asia where 15 of the 24 species occur and where the lineage is believed to have evolved...