The tibio-femoral joint has been mechanically approximated with two fixed kinematic axes of rotation, the longitudinal rotational (LR) axis in the tibia and the flexion-extension (FE) axis in the femur. The mechanical axis finder developed by Hollister et al. (1993, "The Axes of Rotation of the Knee," Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 290, pp. 259-268) identified the two fixed axes but the visual-base...

Estimates of forest stand mean height using airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) instruments have been previously reported with accuracies comparable to traditional ground-based measurements. However, the small area covered by a LiDAR sensor in a single aircraft overpass is a significant hindrance for large scale forest inventories. In comparison, airborne interferometric Synthetic Aper...

Population genetics models are useful for obtaining background expectations about genetic variation. In this work, the authors calibrate such a model using empirical data sets, specifically Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) data from three populations (West Africa, East Asia and Europe). The authors use a total of 15 measures to compare the simulated data to the empirical observations. For e...

The electrocardiographic (ECG) signal is a transthoracic manifestation of the electrical activity of the heart and is widely used in clinical applications. This chapter describes an unbiased linear adaptive filter (ULAF) to attenuate high-frequency random noise present in ECG signals. The ULAF does not contain a bias in its summation unit and the filter coefficients are normalized. During the a...

We investigated the quantitative contribution of all local conduit arterial, blood, and distal load properties to the pressure transfer function from brachial artery to aorta. The model was based on anatomical data, Young's modulus, wall viscosity, blood viscosity, and blood density. A three-element windkessel represented the distal arterial tree. Sensitivity analysis was performed in terms of ...

The leaf area index (LAI) is a key characteristic of forest ecosystems. Estimations of LAI from satellite images generally rely on spectral vegetation indices (SVIs) or radiative transfer model (RTM) inversions. We have developed a new and precise method suitable for practical application, consisting of building a species-specific SVI that is best-suited to both sensor and vegetation characteri...

BACKGROUND The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) is the instrument most frequently used to measure quality of life in cancer patients, whereas the EQ-5D is widely used to measure and evaluate general health status. Although the EORTC QLQ-C30 has been mapped to EQ-5D utilities, those studies were limited to patients w...

A simple linear mixing model of heterogeneous soil-vegetation system and retrieval of component temperatures from directional remote sensing measurements by inverting this model is evaluated in this paper using observations by a thermal camera. The thermal camera was used to obtain multi-angular TIR (Thermal Infra-Red) images over vegetable and orchard canopies. A whole thermal camera image was...

Determining the appropriate dosage of warfarin is an important yet challenging task. Several prediction models have been proposed to estimate a therapeutic dose for patients. The models are either clinical models which contain clinical and demographic variables or pharmacogenetic models which additionally contain the genetic variables. In this paper, a new methodology for warfarin dosing is pro...

Estimation of unbound fraction of substrate in microsomal incubation media is important in accurately predicting hepatic intrinsic clearance and drug-drug interactions. In this study, the unbound fraction of 1223 drug-like molecules in human liver microsomal incubation media has been determined using equilibrium dialysis. These compounds, which include 27 marketed drug molecules, cover a much b...