Throughout the world, there are regions of vast extent that have many favorable features, but whose development is principally limited by the lack of fresh water. In arid areas where large-scale development has already occurred, e.g. parts of the Middle East and North Africa, the extraction of fresh water via desalination plants requires very large energy consumption. This motivates the develop...

The paper presents an overview of environmental issues that may be expected with nuclear desalination. The analysis of coupling nuclear power with desalination plants indicates that adverse marine impacts can be mitigated with alternative intake designs or cooling systems. The atmospheric impact of desalination may be greatly reduced through the coupling with nuclear power, while maximizing the...

ii Acknowledgment iv Dedication vii List of Figures xvii List of Tables xxiv Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Water Crisis in Arab Countries 1 1.2 Research Motivation 2 1.3 Research Aims and Significance 3 A. The Significance of Neural Networks for Modeling of Large-Scale 4 Commercial Water Desalination Plants. B. The Significance of Steady-State and Dynamic Simulations of a Large-Scale Commercial M...

As concerns of natural resource depletion and environmental degradation caused by desalination increase, research studies of the environmental sustainability of desalination are growing in importance. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an ISO standardized method and is widely applied to evaluate the environmental performance of desalination. This study reviews more than 30 desalination LCA studies ...

Chemical characterization of scaling and removal processes was performed in real time via Raman spectroscopy a bench-scale reverse osmosis (RO) system. A custom RO cross-flow cell integrated with microscope objective, allowing for analysis localized membrane scale removal. Permeate flux also measured to provide real-time metric comparison. commercial flat sheet, thin-film composite (TFC RO) sca...

Abstract Climate change and its related side effects are generating a demand for innovative ways to enhance desalination performance by adopting cost-effective energy-efficient membrane materials. Molybdenum disulphide (MoS 2 ), two-dimensional (2D) material, holds the potential address deficiency of current polymeric reverse osmosis (RO) maximizing water-energy nexus. The nanoscale thickness M...