OBJECTIVE The construction of a new road tunnel in Sydney, Australia, and concomitant reduction in traffic on a major road presented the opportunity to study the effects of this traffic intervention on respiratory health. METHODS We made measurements in a cohort of residents in the year before the tunnel opened (2006) and in each of two years afterwards (2007-2008). Cohort members resided in ...

Increasing evidence suggests that neighborhood-based measures of socioeconomic status are correlated with traffic injury. The main objective of this study is to determine the differences in associations between predictive variables and injury crashes (i.e. including injury and fatal crashes). To this end, crash data, socio-demographic, socioeconomic characteristics and road network variables ar...

In recent years, China has promoted a series of legal norms to reduce the environmental impact air pollutants from vehicles. The three main vehicle emission species (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides) contribute significantly pollution. this study, factor method was used estimate vehicles in 31 provinces 2006 2016. results show trend total carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC)...

Infield to zone transportation with agricultural tractor-trailer units may incur costs of up to nine times those of long distance truck-tractor units. This necessitates the implementation of an optimal cane extraction road network. This paper describes formulas derived to evaluate whether the construction of additional roads and loading zones could enhance a farm’s profitability. The formulas w...

Numerous factors may contribute to high-severity crashes in highway work zones. Identifying these factors and then alleviating their impact is a challenging task that traffic engineers and researchers have to confront. In this study, the work zone risk factors that could increase the probability of causing fatalities when severe crashes occur were examined using a comprehensive approach. The re...

In Belgium, traffic safety is currently one of the government’s highest priorities. Identifying and profiling black spots and black zones in terms of accident related data and location characteristics must provide new insights into the complexity and causes of road accidents which, in turn, provide valuable input for government actions. In this paper, association rules are used to identify acci...

Real-life freight-distribution problems are characterized by a high degree of complexity. Although this kind of problem has been addressed broadly by the operation research community, models proposed in the literature are not able to completely describe real distribution problems, and while attempting to simplify and generalize the problem, they neglect aspects that could be of crucial importan...

Increasingly, transportation professionals are using technology, known as Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), to address transportation problems. This paper investigates the potential applications of ITS to safety issues on rural roadways in Washington. The most frequent type of rural crashes and their casual factors are identified from the state's Collision Report Form. The ability of IT...

The urban functional zone (UFZ) is the basic unit of urban planning, which is defined as an area of similar social and economic functions. Despite the importance of UFZs, the stability of their annual temperature between winter and summer has seldom been investigated. With an understanding of the thermal impacts that planning decisions can have, it is essential to know how UFZs can be designed ...