We review the main properties of solar metallicity massive stars in the range 11-120 M⊙. The influence of the mass loss on the hydrostatic burning stages as well as the final explosion is discussed in some detail. We find that the minimum masses that enter the WNL, WNE and WC stages are 30 M⊙, 35 M⊙ and 40 M⊙ respectively; the limiting mass between stars exploding as SNII and SNIb/c is between ...

Finite element technique is used to model two phases of tunneling process, namely; excavation and rocklining interaction. The excavation phase is responsible for determining the pre-lining rock mass deformations and the reduced in-situ stresses. The interaction phase models the compatibility of the rock-lining system. The deformations and stresses of the rock-lining system and the final rock ma...

A 132.70-m-high tower (above foundation) has been successfully completed at Tenerife Island. The foundation of the tower, a 2-mthick reinforced concrete slab, is supported by jointed, vesicular and weathered basalt, and scoria. A three-dimensional, elastic finite element program has permitted to calculate the displacements of the tower and the stresses in the slab. The installation of rod exten...

Fluid flow in jointed rock mass with impermeable matrix is often controlled by joint properties, including aperture, orientation, spacing, persistence and etc. On the other hand, since the rock mass is made of heterogeneous and anisotropic natural materials, geometric properties of joints may have dispersed values. One of the most powerful methods for simulation of stochastic nature of geometri...

Identifying Underground Nuclear Explosions (UNEs) and discriminating them from natural earthquakes is a critical issue for the verification of the Comprehensive nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). The earthquake source is described as a shear dislocation on a fault plane, which generates both Pand S-wave at the source. On the other hand, the nuclear explosion source is described as an isotropic vol...

Underground nuclear weapon testing produces radionuclide gases which may seep to the surface. Barometric pumping of gas through explosion-fractured rock is investigated using a new sequentially-coupled hydrodynamic rock damage/gas transport model. Fracture networks are produced for two rock types (granite and tuff) and three depths of burial. The fracture networks are integrated into a flow and...

The relativistic hydrodynamics equations are adapted for the spherically symmetric case and Lagrangian form. They used to model explosive disruption of a minimum-mass neutron star: key ingredient stripping short gamma-ray bursts. shock breakout from star surface accompanied by acceleration matter ultrarelativistic velocities is studied. A comparison with results previously published nonrelativi...