Large volumes of naturally jointed Precambrian crystalline rock can be stably maintained at pressures considerably above the least principal earth stress in the surrounding rock mass. At Los Alamos National Laboratory’s Fenton Hill hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal test site, tests carried out for a cumulative period of 11 months in the deeper and larger of the two HDR reservoirs showed no evidence...

Over the last several decades mechanical mining machines have developed into highly productive, light weight, mobile machines which are able to economically mine many soft rock ore bodies. Due to the utilization of disc cutters Tunnel Boring Machines, with great mass and limited mobility, have developed the ability to cut the hardest rocks at high production rates. Technological advancements ha...

This paper presents an empirical design of the excavation method and support system tunnel 1 Sigli-Aceh toll road, Indonesia, based on rock mass quality Rock Mass Rating (RMR) Japan Society Civil Engineers (JSCE). The results showed that route consisted fair to good calcarenite interlayered by sandstone D II C categories RMR JSCE. Based RMR, recommended for section having is full-face, top head...

This research has examined the rock mass quality case study in Tiga Dihaji Dam’s diversion tunnel. Observations of geological conditions were carried out on surface and subsurface site show that area consists tuffaceous sandstone carbonate interbeds. The method this is based classification Geological Strength Index (GSI), Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Q-system. results indicate a GSI value 15 - 87.5 ...

protein serine/threonine kinase (ROCK), is one of the central regulatory molecules for cytoskeleton control and cell adhesion process. ROCK also involves in other cell functions such as apoptosis and tumor invasiveness. Rho kinase is thought to play an important role in a variety of cellar functions such as stress fiber formation, focal adhesion formation, cell aggregation, cell morphology, cyt...

Reactive fluid flow and geochemical transport in unsaturated fractured rocks have received increasing attention for studies of contaminant transport, groundwater quality, waste disposal, acid mine drainage remediation, mineral deposits, sedimentary diagenesis, and fluid-rock interactions in hydrothermal systems. This paper presents methods for modeling geochemical systems that emphasize: (1) in...

While the responses of Tien Shan glaciers--and glaciers elsewhere--to climatic changes are becoming increasingly well understood, this is less the case for permafrost in general and for rock glaciers in particular. We use a novel approach to describe the climate sensitivity of rock glaciers and to reconstruct periods of high and low rock glacier activity in the Tien Shan since 1895. Using more ...

RMR, Rock Mass Rating, is one of the famous rock classifications. However, RMR was proposed empirically and absolutely depends on the experience of engineer. Therefore, engineering verification is needed for RMR system itself. In this study, the factor analysis and the multiple regressions were performed in order to evaluate the validity of rating factor of RMR. Also numerical analysis was carr...

The volumetric expansion of freezing pore water is widely assumed to be a major cause of rock fracture in cold humid regions. Data from experiments simulating natural freezing regimes indicate that bedrock fracture results instead from ice segregation. Fracture depth and timing are also numerically simulated by coupling heat and mass transfer with a fracture model. The depth and geometry of fra...