The widespread mass extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous caused world-wide disruption of ecosystems, and faunal responses to the one-two punch of severe environmental perturbation and ecosystem collapse are still unclear. Here we report the discovery of in situ terrestrial fossil burrows from just above the impact-defined Cretaceous-Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary in southwestern North Dakota. Th...

Size distribution, sex ratio and use of burrows of the burrowing toad Rhinella fernandezae were studied in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Two sites separated by approximately 300 m were studied: one was a road next to a swamp, and the other a garden of a country house located further from the swamp. We identified toad burrows, and individuals were sexed, measured and given an individual mark...

Small mammals in habitats with strong seasonal variation in the thermal environment often exhibit physiological and behavioral adaptations for coping with thermal extremes and reducing thermoregulatory costs. Burrows are especially important for providing thermal refuge when above-ground temperatures require high regulatory costs (e.g., water or energy) or exceed the physiological tolerances of...

An extensive study has been made of the optomotor system in Carcinus by Horridge with various collaborators (Barnes & Horridge, 1969a, b; Burrows & Horridge, 1968a-c; Horridge, 1966a-e, 1968; Horridge & Burrows, I968a-c; Horridge & Sandeman, 1964). In these investigations many features were discovered by the use of various and ingenious techniques. The reason for the present paper and its seque...

! " Abstract Distribution of the burrows of Bufo fernandezae (Anura, Bufonidae) outside of the breeding season. We studied the spatial distribution of a population of adult Bufo fernandezae based on the spatial arrangement of their burrows. The study was carried out in a suburban area near La Plata, Argentina. Two sampling methods were used: counts of burrows on areas of known size (quadrat sam...

Adhesive meniscate burrows (AMB) are common in alluvial paleosols of the Paleogene Willwood Formation, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. AMB are sinuous, variably oriented burrows composed of a nested series of distinct, ellipsoidal packets containing thin, tightly spaced menisci subparallel to the bounding packet. Menisci are non-pelleted and texturally homogeneous with each other and the surrounding ma...

The Chinese pangolin is a critically endangered and biologically unique species, yet information on its status, distribution, habitat preferences still scarce in Nepal, which limits effective conservation action. This study identified the current burrow density distribution pattern, important parameters associated with Nepal through opportunistic field surveys. Fifty-four belt transects were ex...

Resistance reflexes in arthropods are negative feedback reflexes broadly analogous to the vertebrate stretch reflex (Bush, 1962). Such reflexes may well be concerned with the maintenance of stable posture as a prerequisite for motor behaviour. Proprioceptors in the arthropod limb monitoring position and movement include muscle receptor organs and the chordotonal organs (see Mill, 1976, for revi...