Over the past 40 years there have been significant improvements in weather forecasting. These improvements are primarily due to (1) improved model physics and increased numerical grid resolution made possible by ever-increasing computational power, and (2) improved model initialization made possible by the use of satellite-derived remotely sensed data. In spite of these improvements, however, w...

Two models of consciousness are contrasted with regard to their treatment of subjective timing. The standard Cartesian Theater model postulates a place in the brain where "it all comes together": where the discriminations in all modalities are somehow put into registration and "presented" for subjective judgment. In particular, the Cartesian Theater model implies that the temporal properties of...

Three classifiers from machine learning (the generalized linear mixed model, memory based learning, and support vector machines) are compared with a naive discriminative learning classifier, derived from basic principles of error-driven learning characterizing animal and human learning. Tested on the dative alternation in English, using the Switchboard data from (Bresnan, Cueni, Nikitina, & Baa...

A tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) elicitation task was used with younger adults in Experiment 1 and with older adults in Experiment 2 to examine the influence of word frequency, neighborhood density, and neighborhood frequency on the retrieval of phonological word forms from the lexicon. The results of Experiment 1 replicated the results of Harley and Bown (1998): More TOT states were elicited for word...

Although osteoarthritis (OA) has existed since the dawn of humanity, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. OA is no longer considered a “wear and tear” condition but rather one driven by proteases where chronic low-grade inflammation may play a role in perpetuating proteolytic activity. While multiple factors are likely active in this process, recent evidence has implicated the innate imm...

Semantic errors (e.g., saying "arm" when "leg" is intended) are among the most common types of slips of the tongue. It is well-known that semantic errors are constrained by the grammatical class of the target word (i.e., a noun substitutes for another noun, a verb for another verb, etc.) across languages. It has been shown in German that for nouns, the grammatical gender of the target also cons...

In this paper I will examine the geography of one particular type of virtual reality virtual worlds. They are publicly available on the Internet and are designed for social interaction in real-time. The two key elements of these systems that move them beyond conventional computer-mediated communication channels into the realm of virtual reality are the shared graphical environment in which inte...

Certain aspects of meta-linguistic awareness are known to be essential for bilingual children’s literacy acquisition. Phonological awareness is one of these skills. Beginning with a discussion of a pivotal developmental research model of control & analysis of cognitive skills in bilinguals, this review will discuss several studies that explored phonological awareness in bilinguals who knew diff...

......................................................................................... 6 INDRODUCTION ................................................................................. 7 Category effects in object identification – Deficits after brain damage .............. 8 Category effects in object identification – The 'normal' living-things advantage ... 11 Visual characteristics of stimu...

The ability to combine words into novel sentences has been used to argue that humans have symbolic language production abilities. Critiques of connectionist models of language often center on the inability of these models to generalize symbolically (Fodor & Pylyshyn, 1988; Marcus, 1998). A connectionist model of sentence production is described which has variables that are inspired by distincti...