objective(s):every year, a large number of people lose their lives due to stroke. stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. surprisingly, recent studies have shown that preconditioning with hyperoxia (ho) increases tissue tolerance to ischemia, ultimately reducing damages caused by stroke. addressed in this study are beneficial contributions from ho preconditioning into reduced har...

conclusions we conclude that volume of residual pneumoperitoneum is a contributing factor in the etiology of postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. results at the end of the study, 17 patients (30.9%) had no residual pneumoperitoneum after 24 hours; which 23 (41.81%) had mild residual pneumoperitoneum, eight (14.54%) had moderate pneumoperitoneum and seven (12.72%) had severe pn...

backgrounds: the aim of this study was to determine if preemptive local anesthesia yields better postoperative pain control than infiltration of local anesthesia at the time of wound closure. methods: forty patients aged between 1 and 10 years were randomly allocated to one of the two groups by using a sealed envelope technique. group 1 received 0.5 mg/kg bupivacaine 20 minutes before the incis...

TO THE EDITOR: To explain an ineffective live high-train low (LHTL) in normobaric hypoxia (e.g., where the athletes slept in hypoxic chamber), Siebenman et al. (4) suggested that the recommended 16 h/day of room confinement may lead to a reduction in plasma volume: 13.8% and 20.1% in the placebo and LHTL group after 3 wk, respectively. To our view, this argument is not relevant for the followin...

the aim of this investigation was to prepare, characterize and optimize the aceclofenac proniosomes using central composite design and carry out stability studies. three independent variables selected were molar ratio of drug to lipid (x1), surfactant loading (x2) and volume of hydration (x3). based on central composite design, 16 batches of proniosomes were prepared by slurry method and evalua...

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