this case report presents an uncommon case of maxillary molar with two palatal root canals and an enamel pearl in the furcation area. the article discusses root canal complexities of maxillary second molars as well as possibility of coexisting anomalies in the region that makes radiographic interpretation difficult and compromises the success of endodontic treatment.

Background and Aim: The main goal of root canal treatment is to prevent or treat apical periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to assess the coronal restoration status, root canal filling quality, periapical health condition, and related factors in endodontically treated teeth at the Dental Faculty of Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, in 2011-12. Materials and...

Endodontic therapy aims at disinfection of the root canal system. Efforts are made by instrumentation and chemical to remove infected pulp tissue debris from space. However due variations in anatomy, it is impossible instrument all parts that may lead persistence or progression infection. Thorough knowledge tooth morphology important improve success rate endodontic treatment. Missed canals cons...

Adequate removal of the previous filling material may be pivotal to a favorable outcome root canal retreatment teeth with post-treatment periodontitis in order permit access irrigants and medicaments persistent bacteria. However, even recent technological advances, including introduction specially designed instruments, no technique has been shown predictably promote complete removal. Supplement...

The persistence of microorganisms in the root canal system is one leading causes treatment failure. Root anatomy complex, and it often a challenge to obtain optimal disinfection. Biofilms putative pathogens hidden inside dentin tubules other ramifications may limit current disinfection protocols. search for additional has been intensely carried out over last twenty years. Antimicrobial photodyn...

Complex and unusual root canal morphology is an often occurring phenomenon. Understanding the unusual root canal morphology contributes to success in endodontic treatment. One such variant root canal morphology is the 'S' shaped or bayonet shaped root canal. This case report discusses endodontic treatment of a maxillary second premolar with an 'S' shaped root canal.