The spatial distribution of the root system through the soil profile has an impact on moisture and nutrient uptake by plants, affecting growth and productivity. The spatial distribution of the roots, soil moisture, and fertility are affected by tillage practices. The combination of high soil density and the presence of a soil plow pan typically impede the growth of maize (Zea mays L.).We invest...

PURPOSE Root fracture is a common and serious cause of abutment tooth loss. No studies to date have comprehensively assessed the individual contributions of the factors that increase stress on abutment teeth. The purpose of this study was to analyze the stress distribution in abutment teeth based on a three-dimensional finite element model and to analyze the factors that affect stress distribut...

A single target is hidden at a location chosen from a predetermined probability distribution. Then, a searcher must find a second probability distribution from which random search points are sampled such that the target is found in the minimum number of trials. Here it will be shown that if the searcher must get very close to the target to find it, then the best search distribution is proportio...

This study examined the effects of three application methods (chisel injection, Avenger coulter injection, and drip irrigation) and two plastic films (polyethylene film [PE] and virtually impermeable film [VIF]) on distribution of cis- and trans- 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) in a Florida sandy soil after application of Telone C35 or Telone In-Line. Regardless of application...

The report by Dillingham et al. questions the general electromyographic (EMG) wisdom that fibrillation potentials develop and resolve earliest in proximal muscles in a damaged root distribution. The data presented do not allow the authors to make such a judgment. Apparently, patients were selected for entry into the study based on EMG features of cervical radiculopathy requiring denervation in ...

This research examined biomass of blue oak (Quercus douglasii Hook. and Arn.) roots at the University of California Sierra Foothill Field and Range Research and Extension Center. Six blue oak root systems were excavated by trenching around the tree and removing the “root ball” with a backhoe. Before tree removal, soil from two 1-m3 trenches was sieved and roots were collected to estimate root b...

Despite a growing awareness of the global reach of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal introductions, little is known about the fate of introduced EM fungi in novel ranges. Using herbarium specimens, species distribution models, and field collections of sporocarps, root tips and extramatrical mycelia, we assessed the distribution and abundance of the European species Amanita phalloides in North America...

The gradient and dynamic flow of the plant growth regulator auxin (indole-3-acetic acid [IAA]) in shoot and root apices is thought to be a critical factor in determining meristematic activity (i.e., the maintenance of stem cell niches and the regulated development of organ primordia) (reviewed in Leyser, 2006; Tanaka et al., 2006). Therefore, determining the precise role of auxin and its regula...

Nitrogen (N) is critical for zinc (Zn) absorption into plant roots; this in turn allows for Zn accumulation and biofortification of grain in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), an important food crop. However, little is known about root morphology and subcellular Zn distribution in response to N treatment at different levels of Zn supply. In this study, two nutrient solution culture experiment...