The aim of this study was to compare the influence a final rinse with and without passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), using 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or 10% citric (CA), 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) PUI, on sealing ability root canal fillings. Root instrumentation performed in single-rooted premolars NaOCl as irrigant. Subsequently, roots were randomly allocated into four ...

Aim: The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the amount debris extruded during retreatment using stainless steel hand files (Hedstroem files) and R-Endo Nickel Titanium rotary instruments. Methodology: Eighty single-rooted freshly extracted human mandibular premolars were divided into two groups consisting 40 teeth each. Retreatment performed with (Micro-Mega, Besançon, France) Hedstroem (...

introduction : to achieve success in treatment, one cannot ignore the knowledge of pulp anatomy. mandibular premolars are considered to be the most difficult teeth for endodontic therapy due to high variability in their canal morphology. it is possible that a relation exists between the crown size and the number of extra canals in these teeth, so this in vitro study aims to investigate the rela...

The current study deals with the anterior premolar pattern in the cave and brown bear lineage, and its signifi cance in species determination. The occurrence of single premolars and its combinations in skulls and mandibles is recorded for various chronological and regional groups. Both lineages stay more “conservative” in the upper than in the lower dentition, but show contrasting reduction ten...

Inflammatory dentigerous cysts are usually associated with a carious or non-vital primary tooth. Consequently they are found in children with a mixed dentition. This report describes two cases of inflammatory dentigerous cysts associated with the lower second premolars. Both cases were treated by marsupialisation of the cysts that eventually led to the spontaneous eruption of the premolars.

We examine some properties of the 2-variable greedoid polynomial f(G;t, z) when G is the branching greedoid associated to a rooted graph or a rooted directed graph. For rooted digraphs, we show a factoring property of f (G;t ,z) determines whether or not the rooted digraph has a directed cycle.