Rotary encoders for rotational angle detection have been used in a variety of industrial applications, including detection of actuation and travel amounts and motor speed control. In automotive applications, rotary encoders are utilized for steering system angle detection, accelerator pedals and throttle valves to improve vehicle operability and safety. For every automotive application, the nee...

introduction: the aim of this study was to compare several metallurgic properties of neoniti instrument with four other commonly used endodontic rotary files. methods and materials: neoniti a1 (25/0.08), race (25/0.06), mtwo (25/0.06), twisted file (25/0.06) and protaper next x2 (25/0.06) were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) before and after heat treatment at 500 ° c. x-ray ...

introduction: the aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of d-race, protaper retreatment kit and hand h-files in removal of obturating materials (om) from the curved root canals using cone-beam computed tomography (cbct). materials and methods: sixty extracted molars were prepared and obturated. the samples were divided into three groups ( n =20). in each group the om wa...

introduction : the aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the physical surface changes and incidence of separation in rotary nickel-titanium (niti) instruments using scanning electron microscope (sem). methods and materials: a total number of 210 freshly extracted human maxillary and mandibular first molars were selected and distributed between three groups. three different syst...