BACKGROUND Rotavirus vaccines were introduced in Japan in November 2011. We evaluated the subsequent reduction of the health-care burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis. METHODS We conducted active surveillance for rotavirus gastroenteritis among children under 5 years old before and after the vaccine introduction. We surveyed hospitalization rates for rotavirus gastroenteritis in children in Ts...

background and aims: rotaviruses are one of the main causative agents of acute viral gastroenteritis in both young human and animals. several methods have been used for diagnosis of rotavirus infection. most of these methods are not easily available in iran. methods: in our study attempt was made to develop a method which could replace the commercially imported kit. rota virus was purified and ...

a 1:1 matched case-control study of calves under 1 month of age was carried out by weekly visits to 7 dairy farms in mashhad from may 2008 to october 2008. fecal samples were collected from a total of 112 calves with clinical signs of diarrhea and from 112 matched animals without clinical signs of diarrhea as assessed by a scoring system. the samples were investigated for the presence of rotavi...

background: enteric viruses, particularly human rotavirus and norovirus, have been shown to replace bacteria and parasites, as the most common pathogens responsible for acute diarrhea. however, there are still few epidemiological data on the simultaneous occurrence of these viruses in iran. in this regard, the aim of this study was to assess the useful epidemiological data on the gastroenteriti...

OBJECTIVES To determine the burden and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children hospitalized with severe acute watery diarrhea in Pakistan prior to introduction of rotavirus vaccine. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of two years from 2006 - 2008 at five sentinel hospitals in the cities of Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, and Peshawar. Stool samp...

Recent studies show that NK cells play important roles in murine biliary atresia (BA), and a temporary immunological gap exists in this disease. In this study, we found high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and TLRs were overexpressed in human and rotavirus-induced murine BA. The overexpressed HMGB1 released from the nuclei of rotavirus-infected cholangiocytes, as well as macrophages, activated hep...

The decision to develop rotavirus vaccines was predicated on the extensive burden of rotavirus disease among children worldwide. US reports on nationwide hospitalizations (1979-1992) and deaths (1968-1991) due to diarrhea and weekly reports of rotavirus infection by 74 laboratories were reviewed to estimate the burden of rotavirus disease, identify epidemiologic trends, and consider methods for...

OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of rotavirus vaccination on rotavirus hospitalisations in children under 5 years of age at The Canberra Hospital, Australian Capital Territory. METHODS Rotavirus hospitalisations in children under 5 years of age at the Canberra Hospital were identified through a retrospective clinical audit of electronic medical hospitalisations in the pre-vaccine (2004-2006...

The burden of rotavirus disease in the Latin American region has been poorly understood despite the promise of effective vaccines. We describe here the implementation and results of a rotavirus surveillance network in the Latin American and Caribbean region. From 2005 through 2007, stool specimens and epidemiologic information were gathered from children <5 years of age who were hospitalized fo...

Three sequential serum samples collected from each of 20 young children with a naturally acquired primary rotavirus infection were assayed by the radioimmunoprecipitation technique for immunoglobulin G antibodies to rotavirus structural and nonstructural proteins of the four major human rotavirus serotypes G1, P1A; G2, P1B; G3, P2; and G4, P2. Fourteen children were infected with a serotype G1 ...