The Droop quota is traditionally rounded up to the next integer. It has been pointed out by Lundell and Hill that this can have negative consequences. We give two further examples of such consequences, showing that rounding the Droop quota can cause violations of monotonicity and proportionality. This supports the conclusion by Lundell and Hill that it is better to use the exact Droop quota wit...

Abstract— A new non-separable 2D structure is proposed for integer implementation of a 3D lifting wavelet transform. It reduces total amount of rounding noise due to expressing signal values as integers inside the transform. In the existing method, a non-separable 3D structure is used to minimize lifting steps. It contributes to decrease delay from input to output. As it decreases total number ...

This paper analyzes the rounding errors that occur in the assessment of an interdisciplinary Project-Led Education (PLE) process implemented in the Integrated Master degree on Industrial Management and Engineering (IME) at University of Minho. PLE is an innovative educational methodology which makes use of active learning, promoting higher levels of motivation and students’ autonomy. The assess...