Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging tobamovirus infecting tomato and pepper crops. First identified in 2014 the Middle East, ToBRFV has spread rapidly around world. Being seed-borne, resistance breaking easy mechanical transmission, can quickly a greenhouse through plant handling. Thus, selecting effective disinfectant that capable of deactivating infectivity important. We a...

Fossil weevils of the subfamily Molytinae are currently represented by 103 species in 42 genera from 14 tribes. records tribe Aedemonini known Eocene Europe. This makes up 22% London Clay weevil specimens identified to genus level and 16% Curculionidae genera. At present, distribution this is mainly paleotropical, but it was very prominent paratropical biota early Eocene, still amber forests Eu...

Silene taxonomy, traditionally based on morphological characteristics, is now driven by DNA sequence analysis. While the usefulness of both and molecular methods remains undisputed, there an interest in identification characteristics useful taxonomy. A quantitative analysis seeds belonging to species presented here seed image samples for 95 populations 52 (49 3 related species). According silho...

The Bitlis-Pötürge Massif of SE Turkey is a metamorphic belt separating the Arabian Plate from Taurides. It includes non-metamorphic Palaeozoic sequence that contains locally fossiliferous strata. Here reported for first time an assemblage Upper Devonian rugose and tabulate corals Meydan Formation, composed Frechastraea schafferi (PENECKE), Peneckiella cf. teicherti HILL, Pseudopexiphyllum supr...