A growth medium and test were developed for rapid detection of urease in fermentative anaerobic bacteria. Using nonselective rumen fluid roll-tube agar medium and the new test, it was confirmed that Peptostreptococcus productus is often the most numerous urease-forming species in human feces. Also, some fecal strains of Ruminococcus albus, Clostridium innocuum, and Clostridium beijerinckii prod...

BACKGROUND This study describes the ultrasonographic findings of the rumen in 45 healthy dairy cows. RESULTS The cows were scanned on both sides using a 5.0 MHz transducer. The dorsal visible margin of the rumen ran parallel to the lung from cranioventral to caudodorsal. It was furthest from the dorsal midline at the 9th intercostal space (48.3 ± 9.24 cm) and closest at the 12th intercostal s...

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of feeding ethyl-3-nitrooxy propionate (E3NP) and 3-nitrooxypropanol (3 NP), 2 recently developed compounds with potential antimethanogenic activity, in vitro and in vivo in nonlactating sheep on ruminal methane production, fermentation pattern, the abundance of major microbial groups, and feed degradability. Three experiments were conducted, 1...

Research was conducted to determine the effects of level of supplementation with quebracho condensed tannins (CT) on in vitro ruminal fluid gas production, in vivo ruminal fluid protein fractions, bloat dynamics, and ADG of steers grazing winter wheat. Two experiments were conducted to 1) enumerate the effect of ruminal fluid from steers fed quebracho CT (0, 1, and 2% CT/kg of DMI) on in vitro ...

Mechanisms exist in the ruminant to detect changes in osmolality and volume of plasma during feeding to maintain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Feed intake during a meal can be limited by the rise in osmolality of ruminal fluid, which is sensed in the wall of the rumino-reticulum. Ruminal microbes appear to be resilient to the short-term changes in ruminal fluid tonicity, but in vitro growt...

Four sheep, each fitted with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum, were given two diets (1390 g dry matter (DM)/d) consisting of lucerne (Medicago sativa) pellets (24.2 g nitrogen/kg DM) plus pelleted reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea; 14.1 g N/kg DM) or chopped hay (11.8 g N/kg DM) at intervals of 2 h. Flow of duodenal digesta measured by reference to the markers 51Cr-EDTA and 103...

Effects of amount of feed intake on in vivo remen propionate production and the reproducibility of measurements of propionate production rates were investigated in five dairy steers weighing 142 to 228 kg. Each steer received 275 g of an 80%-grain diet every 2 hours, and three of the five steers later received 500 g/2 hours. Rumen propionate pool sizes and production rates were determined at bo...

Four crossbred wethers were utilized in a randomized block design to test Thiopeptin, an antibiotic, at .25% of the amount of wheat given, two levels of NaHCO3 (2 and 4%) expressed as a percentage of the wheat given, and a combination of the Thiopeptin (.25%) plus 2% NaHCO3. Acidosis was induced in the four sheep (controls) by feeding cracked soft white wheat at 50 g/kgBW -Ts divided among thre...