This study was conducted to investigate effects of disodium fumarate (DF) on fermentation characteristics and microbial populations in the rumen of Hu sheep fed on high-forage diets. Two complementary feeding trials were conducted. In Trial 1, six Hu sheep fitted with ruminal cannulae were randomly allocated to a 2 × 2 cross-over design involving dietary treatments of either 0 or 20 g DF daily....

Reduced-fat dried distillers’ grains with solubles (RF-DDGSs) are co-products of ethanol production and contain less fat than traditional grains. The in corn is ~91% unsaturated, it toxic to rumen microorganisms so could influence the composition microbiome. It has been demonstrated that RF-DDGS a suitable ration ingredient support high-producing dairy cow, this feedstuff promising alternative ...

Members of the domain Archaea contribute about 0.3 to 3.3% of the microbial small subunit (16S and 18S) rRNA in the rumen (22, 39, 60). Archaea have a range of different metabolisms and are found in many habitats (6), but those known to exist in the rumen are strictly anaerobic methanogens. Yanagita et al. (59) observed that 2.8 to 4.0% of ruminal microorganisms displayed autofluorescence chara...

While it is well known that ruminants (with the aid of rumen microorganisms) can utilize ammonium salts and urea in lieu of dietary protein,” 2 it has long been held that monogastric animals cannot.’ In view of the findings of Foster, Schoenheimer, and Rittenberg3 that dietary ammonium N15 is rapidly incorporated into rat tissue proteins, it seemed possible that the nitrogen of ammonium salts m...

A mucor, closely resembling Lichtheim's Mucor rhizopodiformis, was isolated from the diseased chorion of a cow and from the lungs and digestive tract of the fetus. No other microorganisms were detected. The mucor was demonstrated in teased preparations from the fresh cotyledons as well as in sections of tissues suitably hardened. It produced focal lesions in rabbits following the intravenous in...

Hydrolysis and dehydration reactions of carbohydrates, which are used as energy raw materials by all living things in nature, controlled Carbohydrate Active Enzyme (CAZy) systems. These enzymes also different industrial areas today. There types microorganisms that have the CAZy system sector. Apart from current organisms, there rumen fungi within group candidate with system. It has been reporte...

The rumen microbial ecosystem is a complex system where rumen fermentation processes involve interactions among microorganisms. There are important relationships between diet and the ruminal bacterial composition. Thus, we investigated the ruminal fermentation characteristics and compared ruminal bacterial communities using tag amplicon pyrosequencing analysis in Yanbian yellow steers, which we...

Molecular techniques previously used for genome comparisons of closely related bacterial species could prove extremely valuable for comparisons of complex microbial communities, or metagenomes. Our study aimed to determine the breadth and value of suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) in a pilot-scale analysis of metagenomic DNA from communities of microorganisms in the rumen. Suppressive...

The antiprotozoal effect of saponins is transitory, as when saponins are deglycosylated to the sapogenin by rumen microorganisms they become inactive. We postulated that the substitution of the sugar moiety of the saponin with small polar residues would produce sapogen-like analogs which might be resistant to degradation in the rumen as they would not be enzymatically cleaved, allowing the anti...

BACKGROUND The behaviour of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in tissues of ruminants has been shown to differ from that of monogastrics (J Agric Food Chem 61(12):2903-2912 doi:10.1021/jf304680j, 2013; J Agric Food Chem 62(28):6861-6870, 2014). This may be a consequence of the complex microbial ecosystem in the rumen. To evaluate this hypothesis, the recovery of PFAAs was studied using the rumen sim...