OBJECTIVE The National Population Policy aims to expand voluntary and informed use of contraceptive services. This paper examines the determinants of use of female sterilisation versus other contraceptive methods in rural Bihar, one of the most socially and economically deprived states in India. METHODS Data for 1378 ever-married women aged 15-49 years in rural Bihar, who are currently using ...

The prevalence of asthma and other atopic diseases has recently increased, especially in urban and modernized regions of the world. The majority of published prevalence surveys report that asthma and atopy are less common among children living in rural areas. While many exposures differ in rural and urban areas of the world, several recent studies have suggested that agricultural exposures in e...

Congenital toxoplasmosis involves Toxoplasma gondii type II strains in 95% of cases in France. We used spatial principal component analysis (sPCA) and 15 microsatellite markers to investigate the spatial genetic structure of type II strains involved in 240 cases of congenital toxoplasmosis in France from 2002 through 2009. Mailing addresses of patients were geo-referenced a posteriori in decima...

This document describe some of the most important aspects of the living lab proposal for a smart territory, our proposal include the development of a solution for both city and rural areas, we depict some efforts already available in rural and city and make a proposal to integrate a solution which combine several problems shared by cities and rural areas. Our proposal is based on a model that p...

The epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in the community in Ghana was never investigated prior to this study. The aims of the study were: i) to assess prevalence of nasal S. aureus carriage in Ghanaian people living in an urban and a rural area, and ii) to identify phenotypic and genotypic traits of strains isolated from the two communities. Nasal swabs were collected from healthy individuals...

Recent research indicates that the health status of rural people is inferior to that of people living in metropolitan Australia. This paper summarises the rural-metropolitan health differential and turns to the field of research being called the social determinants of health for explanations of rural health inequalities. The paper explores the ways in which psychosocial factors can interact wit...

OBJECTIVE To compare changes in diagnosed diabetes prevalence and incidence among Status Aboriginal men and women living in urban and rural areas of Alberta. METHODS We compared trends in diabetes prevalence and incidence from 1995 to 2006 based on diagnostic codes from Alberta Health and Wellness (AHW) administrative records for adults aged 20 years and older. The AHW Registry file was used ...

CONTEXT Patients in rural areas may use less medical care than those living in urban areas. This could be due to differences in travel distance and time and a utilization of a different mix of generalists and specialists for their care. PURPOSE To compare the travel times, distances, and physician specialty mix of all Medicare patients living in Alaska, Idaho, North Carolina, South Carolina, ...

BACKGROUND Malnutrition in children can be a consequence of unfavourable socioeconomic conditions. However, some families maintain adequate nutritional status in their children despite living in poverty. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether family-related factors are determinants of stunting in young Mexican children living in extreme poverty, and whether these factors differ between ...

BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem with increasing incidence and prevalence and associated expenses. OBJECTIVES To explore different perceptions of rural and urban patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) about kidney transplant. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted four focus groups, each including 5 or 6 patients with stage 5 CKD or end stage renal...