Wear is defined as damage to the surface of a solid body, involving progressive material removal, due relative motion and frictional contact with another surface. This process usually slow but considered one major factors causing consequently failure component parts during lifetime tools or machines in different applications such tunneling. The implementation conventional local models finite el...

Shock wave induced spall fracture is a complex multiscale phenomenon, and it is a challenge to build a constitutive and computational model that can capture the essential features of the spall fracture. In this work, we present a computational micro-mechanics model to simulate spall fracture by using part of the multiscale micro-mechanics theory proposed the Wright and Ramesh (Wright and Ramesh...

Bone tissue is a complex multilevel composite which has the ability to sense ad respond to its mechanical environment. It is believed that bone cells called osteocytes within the bone matrix sense the mechanical environment and determine whether structural alterations are needed. At present it is not known, however, how loads are transferred from the whole bone level to cells. A computational p...

As part of the 2nd Berlin BedRest Study (BBR2-2), we investigated the pattern of muscle atrophy of the postero-lateral hip and hamstring musculature during prolonged inactivity and the effectiveness of two exercise countermeasures. Twenty-four male subjects underwent 60 days of head-down tilt bedrest and were assigned to an inactive control (CTR), resistive vibration exercise (RVE), or resistiv...

Predicting the effective elastic properties of carbon nanotube-reinforced nanocomposites is of great interest to many structural designers and engineers for improving material and configuration design in recent years. In this paper, a finite element model of a CNT composite has been developed using the Representative volume element (RVE) to evaluate the effective material properties of nanocomp...

Discrete fine-scale models, in the form of either particle or lattice models, have been formulated successfully to simulate the behavior of quasi-brittle materials whose mechanical behavior is inherently connected to fracture processes occurring in the internal heterogeneous structure. These models tend to be intensive from the computational point of view as they adopt an “a priori” discretizat...