Article history: Received 30 April 2009 Received in revised form 25 June 2009 Accepted 29 June 2009 Available online 2 July 2009 PACS: 02.30.Em 02.30.Rz 02.60.Dc 24.10.Cn

Return-to-zero differential phase shift keying (RZ-DPSK) is a promising modulation format for the long-haul large capacity optical fibre transmission system, and it demonstrated a superior performance compared to the conventional intensity-modulation direct-detection (IM-DD) system experimentally (Cai et al., 2006; Inoue et al., 2004; Rasmussen et al., 2004). For the IM-DD based long-haul syste...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate orthodontic debonding methods by comparing the surface roughness and enamel morphology of teeth after applying two different debonding methods and three different polishing techniques. METHODS Forty eight human maxillary premolars, extracted for orthodontic reasons, were randomly divided into three groups. Brackets were bonded to teeth with...

There is still no consensus on the composition of nutrient media for various genotypes, and improvement their an urgent problem, solution which can significantly speed up facilitate breeding process, both in traditional heterotic breeding. In this regard, main goal study was to compile new variants establish relationship between changes components medium efficiency callus formation. Previously,...