At fixed lung volume (VL), alterations in surface tension change alveolar surface area (S) and lung recoil (PL). Wilson (26), using data from fixed lungs (1, 9), quantified the isovolume change in S with PL. We reexamined this question in fresh excised rabbit lungs, with two important differences. First, we measured fractional changes in S by using diffuse light scattering, avoiding the potenti...

This study compared three methods of normalizing demand functions to allow comparison of demand for different commodities and examined how varying reinforcer magnitudes affected these analyses. Hens responded under fixed-ratio schedules in 40-min sessions with response requirement doubling each session and with 2-s, 8-s, and 12-s access to wheat. Over the smaller fixed ratios overall response r...

A celebrated theorem of Burke's asserts that the Poisson process is a fixed point for a stable exponential single server queue; that is, when the arrival process is Poisson, the equilibrium departure process is Poisson of the same rate. This paper considers the following question: Do fixed points exist for queues which dispense i.i.d. services of finite mean, but otherwise of arbitrary distribu...

Definition 1 (Search problem). In SearchLWE[n, α, q], the goal is, given oracle access to LWEs for some fixed s ∼ UZnq , to find and output s. Definition 2 (Decision problem). In DecisionLWE[n, α, q], given oracle access to some oracle O along with the promise that it either outputs samples (a) from LWEs (for some fixed s ∼ UZnq ) or (b) drawn uniformly at random in Zq ×Zq, the goal is to decid...

Nonlinear mixed-effects models involve both fixed effects and random effects. Model building for nonlinear mixed-effects models is the process of determining the characteristics of both the fixed and the random effects so as to give an adequate but parsimonious model. We describe procedures based on information criterion statistics for comparing different structures of the random effects compon...

Our recent work with cyclic and acyclic polyether self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold is presented. A series of dithia-crown-tetrathiafulvalene derivatives with one or two disulfide groups has been prepared, and their SAMs on gold have been characterized by electrochemistry and by reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy. These SAMs are extremely stable on repeated electrochemical poten...

Relation between the equations of motion for the massless fields in the heterotic string theory, and the conformal invariance of the o model describing the propagation of the heterotic string in arbitrary background massless fields is discussed. It is emphasized that this Q model contains complete information about the string theory. Finally we discuss the extension of the Hull-Witten proof of ...

Let H be the hyperbolic 3-space and IsomH be the group of isometries of H. Let G be a discrete subgroup of IsomH. The action of G on H extends to a continuous action on the compactification of H by the sphere at infinity S ∞. The limit set Λ(G) is the set of all accumulation points of the orbit of a point in H. The limit set does not depend on the choice of the point in H and the limit set is a...

Abstract In this paper, we extend our generalized methodology for designing lower-error area-efficient fixed-width two’s-complement multipliers that receive two s -bit numbers and produce an s -bit product. The generalized methodology involving four steps results in several better error-compensation biases. These better error-compensation biases can be easily mapped to lower-error fixed-width m...