Hybrid organic-inorganic materials for high-efficiency, low-cost photovoltaic devices have seen rapid progress since the introduction of lead based perovskites and solid-state hole transport layers. Although majority of the materials used for perovskite solar cells (PSC) are introduced from dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the presence of a perovskite capping layer as opposed to a single dye...

In rodents, bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL) and pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (PLRP2) are the dominant lipases expressed in the exocrine pancreas in early life when milk is the main food. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether BSSL and PLRP2 are also key enzymes in neonatal intestinal fat digestion. Using Caco-2 cells as a model for the small intestinal epithelium, purifi...

Cadmium is highly toxic heavy metal. Soil factors such as pH, caution exchange capacity, CaCO3 content and salinity have a significant influence on Cd uptake by plants. Moreover, soil salinity has a great impact on crop yield in Iran. Therefore, the effect of four salt levels (0, 45, 90, 180 mM) of NaCl solutions and four concentrations (0, 15, 30, 60 ppm) of Cadmium sulfate solutions on seed g...

Overstretching of DNA occurs at about 60-70 pN when a torsionally unconstrained double-stranded DNA molecule is stretched by its ends. During the transition, the contour length increases by up to 70% without complete strand dissociation. Three mechanisms are thought to be involved: force-induced melting into single-stranded DNA where either one or both strands carry the tension, or a B-to-S tra...

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was grown at salt concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 7.5% in minimal medium with and without added osmoprotectant and in a rich medium. In minimal medium, the cells showed an initial decline period, and consequently the definition of the lag time of the resultant log count curve was revised. The model of Baranyi and Roberts (Int. J. Food Microbiol. 23:277...

Images are rich information carriers and (such as medical images) are normally contaminated by additive and substitutive noise which makes the extraction of features (and clinical data analysis) difficult. Hence to enhance the image quality prior to post processing, image pre-processing operations such as de-noising with linear and non-linear filters have been applied traditionally. Recently no...

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is the most commonly used ingredient to provide salty taste to foods. However, excess sodium in the bloodstream has been associated with the development of several chronic noncommunicable diseases. In order to limit sodium intake to levels considered safe, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends for adults a daily intake of not more than 5 g of NaCl (less than 2 g ...

The first contribution of this paper is the comparison of learned dictionary based approaches to inpainting and denoising of images in natural scenes, where emphasis is given on the use of complete and overcomplete dictionary learned by independent component analysis. The second contribution of the paper relates to the formulation of a problem of denoising an image corrupted by a salt and peppe...

Experiments were performed investigating the potential to improve the biological activity of some phenoxy and organophosphorous compounds by using them in binary mixtures. The compounds were: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1) and its sodium salt (2), dibutyl 1-butylamino-1-cyclohexanephosphonate (3) and diethyl 9-butylamino-9-fluorenephosphonate (4), all widely used as herbicides. There were t...

Images are rich information carriers and (such as medical images) are normally contaminated by additive and substitutive noise which makes the extraction of features (and clinical data analysis) difficult. Hence to enhance the image quality prior to post processing, image pre-processing operations such as de-noising with linear and non-linear filters have been applied traditionally. Recently no...