We examined the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hyaluronidase and saponin on drug absorption through the bladder mucosa. Female Wistar rats underwent intravesical instillation of each agent prior to the administration of lanthanum solution or anticancer drug; 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyldoxorubicin (THP). The absorption of lanthanum was recognized as dense grain in bladder tissue under electron...

The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary quillaja saponin and curcumin (extract of turmeric) can modify piglet immune status and performance immediately after weaning. Piglets (n = 192) were weaned at 29 +/- 0.1 d and allocated to treatment (six replicates of eight pig per treatment) accounting for weight, litter, and gender, using a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Factors were...

background and objectives: astragalus is one of the most abundant genera of flowering plants in iran. there are a few reports on phytochemical investigation of this valuable genus. saponins, flavonoids and polysaccharides have been reported as the most important metabolites in astragalus species. in the present research, we aimed to identify the foremost constituents of astragalus maximus. meth...

BACKGROUND The development of cost-effective prophylactic strategies to prevent leishmaniasis has become a high-priority. The present study has used the phage display technology to identify new immunogens, which were evaluated as vaccines in the murine model of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Epitope-based immunogens, represented by phage-fused peptides that mimic Leishmania infantum antigens, wer...

Saponins are natural glycosides of steroid or triterpene which exhibited many different biological and pharmacological activities. Notably, saponins can also activate the mammalian immune system, which have led to significant interest in their potential as vaccine adjuvants. The most widely used saponin-based adjuvants are Quil A and its derivatives QS-21, isolated from the bark of Quillaja sap...

The aim of this study was to determine the qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals Napoleona imperialis stem bark. Methods: Extractions Phytochemical analysis bark were done using standard procedures. Result: Aqueous extract had yield 76.9g (7.69%) methanol also yielded 58.5g (5.85%) when 1000g pulverized used for each. Qualitative phytochemical exhibited moderate quantities alkaloid, stero...

[reaction: see text] A new class of glycosyl donors having unprotected 2- and 2,4-hydroxyl groups were investigated under the standard glycosylation conditions. This approach was shown to be generally effective for the synthesis of alkyl and steroidal glycosides. A natural saponin, containing 2,4-branched oligosaccharide, was prepared in 35% overall yield in four straightforward sequential reac...

With the purpose of improving ginsenoside content in adventitious root cultures of Korean wild ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer), the roots were treated with different dosages of γ-ray (5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 Gy). The growth of adventitious roots was inhibited at over 100 Gy. The irradiated adventitious roots showed significant variation in the morphological parameters and crude saponin co...

Inhibition of hemolysis by plasma has been studied in systems containing saponin, digitonin, and sodium lauryl sulfate, using the methods developed for the study of the kinetics of progressive reactions. The results are that the progressive nature of the hemolytic reaction in saponin systems becomes less when the inhibitor is added, that the addition of inhibitor to digitonin systems has no eff...