In human-impacted coastal ecosystems, living shorelines are becoming a common restoration technique. However, we lack comprehensive understanding of the ecological and physical benefits, how they could inform management needs. To address this, studied effectiveness at broad spatial scale within Washington State boundaries Salish Sea, USA, with restored site ages spanning 1–11 years. We surveyed...

Coastal socio-ecological systems are complex adaptive with nonlinear changing properties and multi-scale dynamics. They influenced by unpredictable coastal hazards accentuated the effects of climate change, they can quickly be altered if critical thresholds crossed. Additional pressures come from activities development, both which attracting stakeholders different perspectives interests. While ...

Abstract This paper is the beginning of a reflection on ways in which Great East Japan Disaster (2011) might have changed people’s perception seawalls and hard coastal defence Japan. A highly developed society that prone to frequent large tsunamis storm surges, Japan’s spending physical has few equals around world. The development sea became priority during 1960-70s when engineers related agenc...

Coastal shorelines are a key interface between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems vital for human livelihood. As result, have experienced substantial modifications worldwide. Shoreline “hardening” – the construction of armor including seawalls, bulkheads, or rip-rap is common modification that has negative ecological effects. Currently, restoration involving removal replacement with “living” be...

Coastal communities around the world are facing increased coastal flooding and shoreline erosion from factors such as sea-level rise unsustainable development practices. engineers managers often rely on gray infrastructure seawalls, levees breakwaters, but increasingly seeking to incorporate more sustainable natural nature-based features (NNBF). While restoration projects have been happening fo...

The NSF-funded Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program has committed itself to examining the linkages between ecosystems and human society, particularly through ecosystem services: naturally-occurring processes and provisions that benefit humankind. Natural scientists have pointed to ecosystem services valuation as being a key tool for drawing societal attention to natural capital, and, in...

A series of experiments has been carried out at the Tsunami Wave Basin (TWB) at Oregon State University (OSU) to determine the effect of tsunami bores on coastal and nearshore structures, especially buildings and bridges. The TWB is equipped with a piston-type wavemaker capable of generating clean solitary waves. The facility was used to model tsunami bores breaking over coastal reefs and their...

Areas differ in their propensity to experience natural disasters. Exposure to disaster risks can be reduced either through migration (i.e., self-protection) or through public infrastructure investment (e.g., building seawalls). Using migration data from the 1920s and 1930s, this paper studies how the population responded to disaster shocks in an era of minimal public investment. We find that, o...

Worldwide, a cocktail of climate change, urbanization, and population growth is increasing the vulnerability coastal communities to flood risk. Recent experience in urban management from China’s Greater Bay Area shows that building “prevention” “preparedness” into development plans essential for adaptation resilience. frequency cities has doubled since 2000 projected increase at least 5-fold by...

Salt marshes provide valuable ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, water purification and coastal protection (Barbier et al., 2011; Duarte 2013; Shepard 2011). The combination of these natural ecosystems with hard engineering like seawalls or dikes for the purpose is known ecosystem-based defence (Figure 1a). Considering projected rise in sea level increase storm intensity (IPCC, 20...