Solar energy, amongst all renewable energies, has attracted inexhaustible attention over the world as a supplier of sustainable energy. The energy requirement major seawater desalination processes such multistage flash (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED) and reverse osmosis (RO) are fulfilled by burning fossil fuels, which impact environment significantly due to emission greenhouse gases. in...

The urgent need for environmental sustainability has increasingly prompted policy makers to emphasize resource recovery from desalination brine streams. Recent research on waste streams shown rising momentum with near term viability several new technologies. In this perspective, we focus opportunities metal seawater brine, while outlining associated challenges and opportunities. potential of me...

Qatar’s primary source of fresh water is through seawater desalination. Amongst the major processes that are commercially available on the market, the most common large scale techniques are Multi-Stage Flash distillation (MSF), Multi Effect distillation (MED), and Reverse Osmosis (RO). Although commonly used, these three processes are highly expensive down to high energy input requirements and ...

Abstract Sufficient agricultural water for irrigation is an important factor in food production, yet available fresh only occupies 1% of the on earth. Seawater, through desalination, becomes rational solution to provide due abundant quantities and beneficial nutrients crops. Hydroponic using desalinated seawater as medium approach accomplish security, especially arid coastal areas. This study a...

today many countries have water shortage problems, so most of them compel to resort to desalination processes. this paper describes the effect of indirect contact freezing by external cooling for desalination of seawater and brackish water. although various types of processes are introduced for desalination and such processes as reverse osmosis (ro) and multi-effect distillation (med) are used ...

A requirement for developing desalination efforts in coastal regions suffering water scarcity is proposed to address the increased demand and limited traditional supply. The determination of a plant capacity allocation scheme multiple-source supply system, as first problem planning under streamflow uncertainties, remains challenge. To this gap, an interval-parameter two-stage stochastic program...