A semi-continuous segmental probability model, which can be considered as a special form of continuous mixture segmental probability model with continuous output probability density functions sharing in a mixture Gaussian density codebook, is proposed in this paper. The amount of training data required, as well as the computational complexity of the semi-continuous segmental probability model(S...

Increasingly comprehensive, species-rich, and large-scale comparisons of grass genome structure have uncovered an even higher level of genomic rearrangement than originally observed by recombinational mapping or orthologous clone sequence comparisons. Small rearrangements are exceedingly abundant, even in comparisons of closely related species. The mechanisms of these small rearrangements, most...

A retrospective study was conducted to assess the surgical outcomes of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. Thirty-four patients treated with decompressive surgery in Departments of III. Neurosurgery, Bakirkoy Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases between 2000-2004 were reviewed. There were 13 males and 21 females. The average age was 57.5 (range 51 to 73 years old) and the average...

THE MAJORITY OF MALIGNANT CELLS PRESENT GENETIC INSTABILITY WITH CHROMOSOME NUMBER CHANGES PLUS SEGMENTAL DEFECTS: these changes involve intact chromosomes and breakage-induced alterations. Some pathways of chromosomal instability have been proposed as random breakage, telomere fusion, and centromere fission. Chromosome alterations in tumor cells have been described in animal models and in vitr...

AIM To analyze different terms used in literature to identify lumbar extradural cysts and propose a common scientific terminology; to elaborate a new morphological classification of this pathology, useful for clinical and surgical purposes; and to describe the best surgical approach to remove these cysts, in order to avoid iatrogenic instability or treat the pre-existing one. METHODS We retro...

Minimal change nephropathy is relatively uncontroversial. This can be defined as the condition associated with the nephrotic syndrome in which glomeruli have no abnormality on light microscopy. Segmental sclerosing glomerular disorders are often called focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, one of the most controversial terms in kidney disease. The tubular opening is the earliest site at which seg...

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and type 2 both occur in mosaic (segmental) forms. When NF1 (and other autosomal dominant skin disorders) 2 occurs in a linear, patchy, quadrant, or otherwise localised form, two different types of mosaicism can be distinguished. Type 1 segmental involvement reflects heterozygosity for a postzygotic mutation occurring in an otherwise healthy embryo. The segmental ...

the resistant* of patesa against lateral displacement (le. the stability), was studied tinder a range of conditions in vitro, at a range of knee flexion angles. muscle forces were applied in physiological directions along the separate quadriceps muscles. normal muscle actions with constant tension showed constant patellar stability up to sixty degrees knee flexion, and then a significant increa...

The incidence of ischemic complications associated with repair of descending and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms has been significantly reduced by the use of distal aortic perfusion with moderate hypothermia, cerebral spinal fluid drainage, and segmental sequential clamping techniques. However, because the maintenance of proximal perfusion, the adequacy of left heart bypass (LHB), and the abi...

Objective This retrospective study investigated the incidence and risk factors of poor clinical outcomes after cervical surgery for cervical spinal cord injury in a large population of patients with global or segmental cervical kyphosis. Methods The clinical and radiological evaluation results of 269 patients with cervical kyphosis who underwent either anterior or posterior surgery between 20...