Previous works employ the pivot language approach to conduct statistical machine translation when encountering with limited amount of bilingual corpus. Conventional solutions based upon phrase-table combination overlook the semantic discrepancy between the source-pivot corpus and pivot-target corpus and consequently lead to probability estimation inaccuracy for the induced translation rules. In...

Semantic web services hold the promise of greatly increasing interoperability among software agents and web services by enabling content-based (as opposed to format-based) automated service discovery and interaction. However, as different services may well use different, only partly compatible ontologies to describe their capabilities, some amount of ontology mapping or translation will be requ...

It is often argued that accurate machine translation requires reference to contextual knowledge for the correct treatment of linguistic phenomena such as dropped arguments and accurate lexical selection. One of the historical arguments in favor of the interlingua approach has been that, since it revolves around a deep semantic representation, it is better able to handle the types of linguistic ...

This paper presents the process of translation and cultural adaptation into Portuguese of the McGill Illness Narrative Interview - MINI, an interview protocol that is used to research meanings and modes of narrating illness experiences, tested, in the Brazilian context, for psychiatric and cancer-related problems. Two translations and their respective back-translations were developed. In additi...

There are many cases in which the natural translation of one language into another results in a very diierent form than that of the original. The existence of translation divergences (i.e., cross-linguistic distinctions) makes the straightforward transfer from source structures into target structures impractical. Many existing translation systems have mechanisms for handling divergent structure...

Translation adequacy is defined as the amount of semantic content from the source language document that is conveyed in the target language document. As such, it is more difficult to measure than intelligibility since semantic content must be measured in two documents and then compared. Latent Semantic Analysis is a content measurement technique used in language learner evaluation that exhibits...

Two process calculi may be compared in their expressive power using encodings between them. Not every such translation is meaningful and therefore quality criteria are necessary. There are several frameworks to assess the quality of encodings. A rather prominent approach consists of five criteria for valid encodings collected by Gorla. An alternative notion of validity up to a semantic equivale...

Diagrams that serve as a visual input facility for programming environments have to be translated into some kind of semantic description. This paper describes such a method which is based on a specification of the translation process. The translation process starts with a diagram, which is simply represented as a collection of atomic diagram components, and it ends up with some data structure a...

Literary translation has always been a difficult and important thing. This is an measure to promote the exchange of foreign cultures. However, when translators translate literary works, final result not accurate because difference semantic context. Therefore, this paper analyzes studies contextual culture in translation, explores context, internal cultural relations characteristics English Amer...

There are many cases in which the natural translation of one language into another results in a very different form than that of the original. The existence of translation divergences (i.e., crosslinguistic distinctions) makes the straightforward transfer from source structures into target structures impractical. Many existing translation systems have mechanisms for handling divergent structure...