The theory of vertical pile vibration is the essential basis for integrity determination and dynamic analysis. characteristics are inevitably affected when surrounding soil frozen due to low environmental temperature. Therefore, investigation considering as a saturated porous medium great importance. In this paper, an analytical model was established by employing composite media, that is, simpl...

Abstract Bare soil evaporation is controlled by a combination of capillary flow, vapour diffusion and film flow. Relevant analytical solutions mostly assume horizontal flow conditions ignore gravitational effects. Salvucci (1997) provided rare example semi-analytical solution for vertical bare evaporation. However, they did not explicitly represent which are likely to account significant propor...

the shape of wake behind a wind turbine is normally assumed to have a hat shape for the models used in wind farm layout optimization purposes; however, it is know from experimental tests and numerical simulations that this is not a real assumption. in reality, the results of actual measurements and detailed numerical simulation show that the velocity in wake region has a s-shape profile. the pr...

Abstract

Combining the numerical concept of variational discretization introduced in [11, 12] and semi-smooth Newton methods for the numerical solution of pde constrained optimization with control constraints [9, 22] we place special emphasis on the implementation and globalization of the numerical algorithm. We prove fast local convergence of a globalized algorithm and illustrate our analytical and alg...