Latent/manifest latent nystagmus (LMLN) is a jerk nystagmus with a decreasing-velocity or linear slow phase whose fast phase is in the direction of the fixating eye. Change of the fixating eye by alternating tropias or cover will cause reversal of the LMLN to preserve this relationship. In the dark, where no fixation is possible, the fast phases of LMLN are in the direction of the intended fixa...

The TNK ankle is a total ankle prosthesis which was first used in clinical settings in 1980, and which has been used in Japan for more than 30 years. The TNK ankle is only major model made from alumina ceramic materials, and is a 2-component type prosthesis with semi-constrained sliding surfaces. Due to various improvements in the surfaces in contact with the bone, the TNK ankle has consistentl...

Lower-limb prostheses are designed based on observations of how users on average respond to different design features. Prostheses are then marketed on the basis that certain features are appropriate for certain types of individuals, with few options for user customization. This process is unlikely to provide individual users with devices that best suit their needs since it is unclear how to bes...

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are extremely rare tumors arising in peripheral nerves. Only 17 cases involving the trigeminal nerve have ever been reported. These tumors have a very poor prognosis and very high rates of recurrence and metastases. Their recommended treatment involves complete tumor resection followed by radiation. This can be problematic in the head and neck region. We...

Retinal degenerative diseases lead to blindness due to loss of the "image capturing" photoreceptors, while neurons in the "image processing" inner retinal layers are relatively well preserved. Electronic retinal prostheses seek to restore sight by electrically stimulating surviving neurons. Most implants are powered through inductive coils, requiring complex surgical methods to implant the coil...

PURPOSE To investigate the causes and treatment options for socket discharge and infection in patients enucleated for retinoblastoma (Rb). METHODS A questionnaire was filled out by (parents of) ocular prosthesis-wearing patients with a history of enucleation as treatment for Rb. We collected data on patients' characteristics, cleaning habits of the prosthesis, frequency of socket irritation, ...

The patient, a 16-year-old girl, was admitted to our hospital with complaints of right hip pain and claudication. Her past medical history indicated that 2 years earlier she had undergone enucleation of her left eye for a primary choroidal melanoma. Imaging studies revealed a osteolytic destruction with soft tissue mass involving the right hemipelvis (zone I-II). Single-photon emission computed...