The spectral sensitivity of the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) was measured with electroretinogram (ERG) flicker photometry. Chromatic adaptation conditions were used to establish the presence of S-, M- and L-cone pigments. Each of 26 chimpanzees showed substantial and approximately equivalent adaptational changes over the middle and long wavelengths implying an absence of any significant ...

Eye donors were identified who had X-chromosome photopigment gene arrays like those of living deuteranomalous men; the arrays contained two genes encoding long-wavelength sensitive (L) pigments as well as genes to encode middle-wavelength sensitive (M) photopigment. Ultrasensitive methods failed to detect the presence of M photopigment mRNA in the retinas of these deutan donors. This provides d...

The cone electroretinograms (ERGs) to different chromatic stimuli were recorded in myopic subjects. Ganzfeld color flashes under bright white background illumination were used to elicit short-wavelength-sensitive (S-), and mixed long-(L-) and middle-(M-) wavelength-sensitive cone ERGs. Nineteen subjects with mild myopia (between -3.0 and -6.0 D), 12 subjects with high myopia (greater than -6.25...

In behavioral tests, tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii) are dichromats. We investigated the neural basis for this color discrimination by making patch clamp recordings from retinal ganglion cells in an in vitro preparation. Pseudo-random noise stimuli were used to probe the spectral and temporal properties of the receptive fields. Color opponent ganglion cells were excited by medium wavelength...

Abstract A sensitive method for the determination of citrate and malate in sub-microliter samples of soil solution is described. The organic acids were derivatized with a pyrene reagent (1-pyrenebutanoic acid hydrazide) and analysed by micellar electrokinetic chromatography separation. The citrate and malate derivatives were detected within 10 min by using a fluorescence detector with a broad e...

The goal of the study was to evaluate spectral opponency in nine X-chromosome-linked color-defective observers. The tasks included increment threshold spectral sensitivity on an achromatic background, heterochromatic flicker photometry, and colorimetric purity discrimination. With a task of heterochromatic flicker photometry, the anomalous trichromatic observers showed spectral sensitivity of t...