Development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens our ability to treat common and life threatening infections. Identifying the emergence of AMR requires strengthening of surveillance for AMR, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) where the burden of infection is highest and health systems are least able to respond. This work aimed, through a combination of desk-based inv...

Haemophilus influenza (Hib) conjugates vaccine (HibCV) using a pentavalent formulation was introduced to Iranian routine immunization program from November 2014. Iran is preparing to include pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) as well. Assessing the impact of HibCV to provide evidences regarding sustained administration of this vaccine is necessary. There are different methods and study desi...

INTRODUCTION Health authorities find thresholds useful to gauge the start and severity of influenza seasons. We explored a method for deriving thresholds proposed in an influenza surveillance manual published by the World Health Organization (WHO). METHODS For 2002-2011, we analysed two routine influenza-like-illness (ILI) datasets, general practice sentinel surveillance and a locum medical s...

According to the 2008 report on global AIDS epidemic, 33 millions of people are living with HIV/AIDS. Subsaharian Africa is the most affected part of the world. The first case of AIDS in Mauritania was reported in 1987. The national prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the country is estimated at less than 1%. The HIV serosurveillance among pregnant women started in country in 2001. This work has focused ...

Influenza viruses cause annual epidemics of respiratory tract disease that affect all age groups. Many developing countries do not have an influenza surveillance system or adequate laboratory capacity for virus detection. The objective of this study was to describe the influenza surveillance systems in the different countries in the tropics and to identify outstanding research needs. A question...

Sentinel-1 is the European Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite operational since 3 October 2014. The SAR’s characteristics should make it suitable for maritime surveillance (ship detection), and it will routinely collect a large amount of maritime imagery over European and global seas. After its launch in April 2014, preliminary data have been made available to limited users in the satelli...

BACKGROUND In order to proceed from a paper based registration to a surveillance system that is based on extraction of electronic health records (EHR), knowledge is needed on the number and representativeness of sentinel GPs using a government-certified EHR system and the quality of EHR data for research, expressed in the compliance rate with three criteria: recording of home visits, use of pre...

BACKGROUND This report describes the results of a study to determine whether a community-based sentinel surveillance system can be developed and implemented to assess the health effects of climate change, and to contribute to local discussions to mitigate these health effects. The purpose of this report is to describe the process and outcomes of this innovative approach to identifying priority ...