Using 1993 and 1994 data, the authors examine whether beneficiaries who enroll in a Medicare health maintenance organization (HMO), including those enrolling for only a short period of time, have lower expenditures than continuous fee-for-service (FFS) beneficiaries the year prior to enrollment. We also test whether biased selection varies by the level of HMO market penetration and the rate of ...

Managed care now serves 23 percent of the Medicaid population. With the shift to capitation, the fee-for-service (FFS) billing mechanism that has generated much of the administrative data used in policy planning and research no longer exists. This article provides an overview of the types of encounter data currently being required for plans and the problems and issues with providing and analyzi...

In this study, we explore the research published from 2015 to 2020 on importance of family firms (FFs) sustainability. Our results come a content analysis 28 studies topic. Further, they deal with small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in construction industry Italy Spain. These mainly follow quantitative approach data survey. This study’s main contribution regards identification three sorts aspec...

With explosively escalating service demands, beyond fifth generation (B5G) aims to realize various requirements for multi-service networks, i.e., higher performance of mixed enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) services than 5G. To flexibly serve diverse traffic, functional split options (FSOs) are specified by 5G protocols enabling different net...

Abstract Background Past studies examining the health outcomes of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients found that social determinants disparities were associated with variabilities in outcomes. However, improving access to healthcare, such as insurance, should mitigate negative The aim study was explore association between four types namely, Medicare Fee-For-Service (FFS), Managed Care (MC), Private...

Medicare has profoundly affected private insurance market oportunites, the technology and infrastructure used by private insurance, the culture and expectations of providers with whom private insurers must deal, and the culture and expectations of the employers and individuals who purchase private insurance. The Medicare program might be characterized as the pre-eminent fee-for-service (FFS) in...

T h e testabili ty of a sequential circuit can be i m proved by controlling the clocks of individual storage elements during testing. W e propose several clock control strategies derived f r o m a n analysis of the circuit, i t s S-graph structure, and i ts funct ion. Through examples we show how the number of clocks aflects the circuit’s testability. It i s shown that if certain flip-flops (FF...