It is generally assumed that larvae of benthic species are thoroughly mixed in the plankton and distributed randomly at settlement. Yet, it has also been hypothesized that a combination of larval gregarious behaviour coupled with particular oceanographic conditions may prevent larvae from mixing completely, and result in nonrandom spatial distributions following settlement. Using microsatellite...

The interaction influence on subway tunnels adjacent to foundation excavation was produced by excavation construction, and it is great significance for the correct assessment of its size and influence on the safety of subway operation. Based on the foundation excavation project, some typical foundation excavation profiles are selected, the calculation and analysis on additional settlement and h...

Three-dimensional model is established with finite difference method to simulate construction process based on design and construction plans of existing overpass pile foundation adjacent to certain large-section railway tunnel in Chengdu, China. Ground, isolation pile, main bridge pier and ramp pile near the tunnel are taken as research object, and surface settlement amount, displacement change...

Biofilms play an important role as a settlement cue for invertebrate larvae and significantly contribute to the nutrient turnover in aquatic ecosystems. Nevertheless, little is known about how biofilm community structure generally responds to environmental changes. This study aimed to identify patterns of bacterial dynamics in coral reef biofilms in response to associated macrofouling community...

This paper presents the results of a recent study about the following aspects relevant to tunneling in soft grounds:e) The domain of deformations due to tunneling in soft ground can be specified within a boundary of a parabolic shape. This boundary is defined by a parabolic formula as a function of a central angle which depends on the soil type i.e., either cohesive or cohesionless. This para...

This paper presents the results of a recent study about the following aspects relevant to tunneling in soft grounds:e) The domain of deformations due to tunneling in soft ground can be specified within a boundary of a parabolic shape. This boundary is defined by a parabolic formula as a function of a central angle which depends on the soil type i.e., either cohesive or cohesionless. This para...

Payment systems are one of the key Financial Market Infrastructures (FMIs) and have showed remarkable progress over the past two decades. The first half of this chapter focuses on the evolutionary process of payment systems, starting with the Deferred Net Settlement (DNS) system and progressing to the RealTime Gross Settlement (RTGS) system. Subsequently, much more sophisticated payment systems...