Many différent changes in endocrine function with âge hâve been described. To give just some of many possible examples, there are increases in the levels of growth hormone in women, rises in thyroid stimulating hormone, modest decreases in triiodothyronine, and increased sensitivity of response to antidiuretic hormone (1). Levels of norepinephrine rise (2) and there are altered circadian patter...

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs (e.g., triptorelin) are developed to treat hormone-dependent reproductive cancers. However, these lack a significant direct antitumor activity make them suitable for hormone-refractory In this study, we examined different biological properties of lipid-modified GnRH analogs, with/without D-amino acid substitution at position 6 in prostate and ovaria...

A majority of birds are socially monogamous, providing exceptional opportunities to discover neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying preferences for opposite-sex partners where the sexes form extended affiliative relationships. Zebra finches have been the focus of the most systematic program of research to date in any socially monogamous animal. In this species, sexual partner preference can be pa...

It is well established that the plant hormone ethylene plays a key role in cucumber sex determination. Since the unisexual control gene M was cloned and shown to encode an ethylene synthase, instead of an ethylene receptor, the 'one-hormone hypothesis', which was used to explain the cucumber sex phenotype, has been challenged. Here, the physiological function of CsACS2 (the gene encoded by the ...

Two-thirds of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are women, owing largely to the fact that women outlive men (https://www.alz.org/ downloads/facts_figures_2012.pdf). Women’s increased longevity, however, is not sufficient to explain the fact that women are 1.5 times more likely than men to develop the disease (Gao et al., 1998). After age 80, the incidence of AD is much higher in women t...

Two-thirds of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are women, owing largely to the fact that women outlive men (https://www.alz.org/ downloads/facts_figures_2012.pdf). Women’s increased longevity, however, is not sufficient to explain the fact that women are 1.5 times more likely than men to develop the disease (Gao et al., 1998). After age 80, the incidence of AD is much higher in women t...

Hormone-transfer theory proposes that the hormonal milieu of one twin may influence the other. In opposite-sex twins it has been proposed that hormonal transfer may produce a masculinizing effect in females. The second-to-fourth-finger ratio (2D:4D) has been proposed as an index of the level of prenatal androgens and could, theoretically, be used to detect hormone transfer. Previous examination...

Objective: Sex hormones are not only involved in the formation of reproductive organs, but also induce sexually-dimorphic brain development and organization. Cross-sex hormone administration to transsexuals provides a unique possibility to study the effects of sex steroids on brain morphology in young adulthood. Methods: Magnetic resonance brain images were made prior to, and during, cross-sex ...